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arXiv:1101.0844 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment

Long-time and large-distance asymptotic behavior of the current–current correlators in the non-linear Schrödinger model

Karol Kajetan Kozlowski, V. Terras

Published Sep 20, 2011• 28 citations
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Abstract

We present a new method allowing one to derive the long-time and large-distance asymptotic behavior of the correlation functions of quantum integrable models from their exact representations. Starting from the form factor expansion of the correlation functions in finite volume, we explain how to reduce the complexity of the computation in the so-called interacting integrable models to the one appearing in free fermion equivalent models. We apply our method to the time-dependent zero-temperature current–current correlation function in the non-linear Schrödinger model and compute the first few terms in its asymptotic expansion. Our result goes beyond the conformal field theory based predictions: in the time-dependent case, excitations other than the ones on the Fermi surface contribute to the leading orders of the asymptotics.

DOI
10.1088/1742-5468/2011/09/p09013

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We present a new method allowing us to derive the long-time and large-distance asymptotic behavior of the correlations functions of quantum integrable models from their exact representations. Starting from the form factor expansion of the correlation functions in finite volume, we explain how to reduce the complexity of the computation in the so-called interacting integrable models to the one appearing in free fermion equivalent models. We apply our method to the time-dependent zero-temperature current-current correlation function in the non-linear Schr\"{o}dinger model and compute the first few terms in its asymptotic expansion. Our result goes beyond the conformal field theory based predictions: in the time-dependent case, other types of excitations than the ones on the Fermi surface contribute to the leading orders of the asymptotics.
Starting from the form factor expansion in finite volume, we derive the multidimensional generalization of the so-called Natte series for the zero-temperature, time and distance dependent reduced density matrix in the non-linear Schrödinger model. This representation allows one to \textit{read-off} straightforwardly the long-time/large-distance asymptotic behavior of this correlator. This method of analysis reduces the complexity of the computation of the asymptotic behavior of correlation functions in the so-called interacting integrable models, to the one appearing in free fermion equivalent models. We compute explicitly the first few terms appearing in the asymptotic expansion. Part of these terms stems from excitations lying away from the Fermi boundary, and hence go beyond what can be obtained by using the CFT/Luttinger liquid based predictions.
We propose a form factor approach for the computation of the large distance asymptotic behavior of correlation functions in quantum critical (integrable) models. In the large distance regime we reduce the summation over all excited states to one over the particle/hole excitations lying on the Fermi surface in the thermodynamic limit. We compute these sums, over the so-called critical form factors, exactly. Thus we obtain the leading large distance behavior of each oscillating harmonic of the correlation function asymptotic expansion, including the corresponding amplitudes. Our method is applicable to a wide variety of integrable models and yields precisely the results stemming from the Luttinger liquid approach, the conformal field theory predictions and our previous analysis of the correlation functions from their multiple-integral representations. We argue that our scheme applies to a general class of non-integrable quantum critical models as well.
We develop a form factor approach to the study of dynamical correlation functions of quantum integrable models in the critical regime. As an example, we consider the quantum non-linear Schrödinger model. We derive the long-distance/long-time asymptotic behavior of various two-point functions of this model. We also compute edge exponents and amplitudes characterizing the power-law behavior of dynamical response functions on the particle–hole excitation thresholds. These last results confirm predictions based on the non-linear Luttinger liquid method. Our results rely on a first principles derivation, based on a microscopic analysis of the model, without invoking, at any stage, any correspondence with a continuous field theory. Furthermore, our approach only makes use of certain general properties of the model, so that it should be applicable, possibly with minor modifications, to a wide class of (not necessarily integrable) gapless one-dimensional Hamiltonians.
We derive the leading asymptotic behavior and build a new series representation for the Fredholm determinant of integrable integral operators appearing in the representation of the time and distance-dependent correlation functions of integrable models described by a six-vertex R-matrix.This series representation opens a systematic way for the computation of the long-time, long-distance asymptotic expansion for the correlation functions of the aforementioned integrable models away from their free fermion point.Our method builds on a Riemann-Hilbert based analysis.
The exact large time and distance behavior of the field-field correlators has been computed for one-dimensional impenetrable anyons at finite temperatures. The result reproduces known asymptotics for impenetrable bosons and free fermions in the appropriate limits of the statistics parameter. The obtained asymptotic behavior of the correlators is dominated by the singularity in the spectral density of the quasiparticle states at the bottom of the band, and differs from the predictions of the conformal field theory. One can argue, however, that the anyonic response to the low-energy probes is still determined by the subleading conformal terms in the asymptotic expansion.