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arXiv:1011.3691 · Journal of Physics Conference Series

The Tamm-Dancoff Approximation as the boson limit of the Richardson-Gaudin equations for pairing

Stijn De Baerdemacker

Published Mar 1, 2011• 4 citations
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Abstract

A connection is made between the exact eigen states of the BCS Hamiltonian and the predictions made by the Tamm-Dancoff Approximation. This connection is made by means of a parametrised algebra, which gives the exact quasi-spin algebra in one limit of the parameter and the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra in the other. Using this algebra to construct the Bethe Ansatz solution of the BCS Hamiltonian, we obtain parametrised Richardson-Gaudin equations, leading to the secular equation of the Tamm-Dancoff Approximation in the bosonic limit. An example is discussed in depth.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/284/1/012020

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Background: The reduced, level-independent, Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer Hamiltonian is exactly diagonalizable by means of a Bethe ansatz wave function, provided the free variables in the ansatz are the solutions of the set of Richardson-Gaudin equations. On the one side, the Bethe ansatz is a simple product state of generalized pair operators. On the other hand, the Richardson-Gaudin equations are strongly coupled in a nonlinear way, making them prone to singularities. Unfortunately, it is nontrivial to give a clear physical interpretation to the Richardson-Gaudin variables because no physical operator is directly related to the individual variables.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to shed more light on the singular behavior of the Richardson-Gaudin equations, and how this is related to the product wave structure of the Bethe ansatz.Method: A pseudodeformation of the quasispin algebra is introduced, leading towards a Heisenberg-Weyl algebra in the contraction limit of the deformation parameter. This enables an adiabatic connection of the exact Bethe ansatz eigenstates with pure bosonic multiphonon states. The physical interpretation of this approach is an adiabatic suppression of the Pauli exclusion principle.Results: The method is applied to a so-called ``picket-fence'' model for the BCS Hamiltonian, displaying a typical critical behavior in the Richardson-Gaudin variables. It was observed that the associated bosonic multiphonon states change collective nature at the critical interaction strengths of the Richardson-Gaudin equations.Conclusions: The Pauli exclusion principle is the main responsible for the critical behavior of the Richardson-Gaudin equations, which can be suppressed by means of a pseudodeformation of the quasispin algebra.

arXiv:1207.3417•Physical Review C•Oct 24, 2012•39 citations
A connection is made between the exact eigen states of the BCS Hamiltonian and the predictions made by the Tamm-Dancoff Approximation. This connection is made by means of a parametrised algebra, which gives the exact quasi-spin algebra in one limit of the parameter and the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra in the other. Using this algebra to construct the Bethe Ansatz solution of the BCS Hamiltonian, we obtain parametrised Richardson-Gaudin equations, leading to the secular equation of the Tamm-Dancoff Approximation in the bosonic limit. An example is discussed in depth.
The present contribution discusses a connection between the exact Bethe Ansatz eigenstates of the reduced Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) Hamiltonian and the multi-phonon states of the Tamm-Dancoff Approximation (TDA). The connection is made on the algebraic level, by means of a deformed quasi-spin algebra with a bosonic Heisenberg-Weyl algebra in the contraction limit of the deformation parameter. Each exact Bethe Ansatz eigenstate is mapped on a unique TDA multi-phonon state, shedding light on the physics behind the Bethe Ansatz structure of the exact wave function. The procedure is illustrated with a model describing neutron pairing in 56 Fe.
We show in detail how Richardson's exact solution of a discrete-state BCS (DBCS) model can be recovered as a special case of an algebraic Bethe-ansatz solution of the inhomogeneous XXX vertex model with twisted boundary conditions: by implementing the twist using Sklyanin's K\mathbf{K}K-matrix construction and taking the quasiclassical limit, one obtains a complete set of conserved quantities Hi{\mathbf{H}}_{i}Hi​ from which the DBCS Hamiltonian can be constructed as a second order polynomial. The eigenvalues and eigenstates of the Hi{\mathbf{H}}_{i}Hi​ (which reduce to the Gaudin Hamiltonians in the limit of infinitely strong coupling) are exactly known in terms of a set of parameters determined by a set of on-shell Bethe ansatz equations, which reproduce Richardson's equations for these parameters. We thus clarify that the integrability of the DBCS model is a special case of the integrability of the twisted inhomogeneous XXX vertex model. Furthermore, by considering the twisted inhomogeneous XXZ model and/or choosing a generic polynomial of the Hi{\mathbf{H}}_{i}Hi​'s as Hamiltonian, more general exactly solvable models can be constructed. To make the paper accessible to readers that are not Bethe-ansatz experts, the introductory sections include a self-contained review of those of its feature which are needed here.
We present a derivation of a previously announced result for matrix elements between exact eigenstates of the pairing Hamiltonian. Our results, which generalize the well-known Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) (Bardeen et al 1957 Phys. Rev. 108 1175; 1957 Phys. Rev. 106 162) expressions for what are known as ‘coherence factors’, are derived based on the Slavnov (1989 Theor. Math. Phys. 79 502) formula for overlaps between Bethe-ansatz states, thus making use of the known connection between the exact diagonalization of the BCS Hamiltonian, due to Richardson (1963 Phys. Lett. 3 277; 1964 Nucl. Phys. A 52 221), and the algebraic Bethe ansatz. The resulting formula has a compact form after a suitable parameterization of the energy plane. Although we apply our method here to the pairing Hamiltonian, it may be adjusted to study what is termed the ‘Sutherland limit’ (Sutherland 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 816) for exactly solvable models, namely where a macroscopic number of rapidities form a large string.
Background: The reduced, level-independent, Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer Hamiltonian is exactly diagonalizable by means of a Bethe ansatz wave function, provided the free variables in the ansatz are the solutions of the set of Richardson-Gaudin equations. On the one side, the Bethe ansatz is a simple product state of generalized pair operators. On the other hand, the Richardson-Gaudin equations are strongly coupled in a nonlinear way, making them prone to singularities. Unfortunately, it is nontrivial to give a clear physical interpretation to the Richardson-Gaudin variables because no physical operator is directly related to the individual variables.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to shed more light on the singular behavior of the Richardson-Gaudin equations, and how this is related to the product wave structure of the Bethe ansatz.Method: A pseudodeformation of the quasispin algebra is introduced, leading towards a Heisenberg-Weyl algebra in the contraction limit of the deformation parameter. This enables an adiabatic connection of the exact Bethe ansatz eigenstates with pure bosonic multiphonon states. The physical interpretation of this approach is an adiabatic suppression of the Pauli exclusion principle.Results: The method is applied to a so-called ``picket-fence'' model for the BCS Hamiltonian, displaying a typical critical behavior in the Richardson-Gaudin variables. It was observed that the associated bosonic multiphonon states change collective nature at the critical interaction strengths of the Richardson-Gaudin equations.Conclusions: The Pauli exclusion principle is the main responsible for the critical behavior of the Richardson-Gaudin equations, which can be suppressed by means of a pseudodeformation of the quasispin algebra.