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arXiv:1010.4171 · Physica status solidi. C, Conferences and critical reviews/Physica status solidi. C, Current topics in solid state physics

Phase separation of multicomponent excitonic Bose–Einstein condensates

S. Sobkowiak, D. Semkat, H. Stolz, Th. Koch, H. Fehske

Published Feb 1, 2011• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract For the observation of Bose–Einstein condensation, excitons in cuprous oxide are regarded as promising candidates due to their large binding energy and long lifetime. High particle densities may be achieved by entrapment in a stress induced potential. We consider a multicomponent gas of interacting para‐ and orthoexcitons in cuprous oxide confined in a three‐dimensional potential trap. Based on the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov theory, we calculate density profiles as well as decay luminescence spectra which exhibit signatures of the separation of the Bose‐condensed phases (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

DOI
10.1002/pssc.201000839

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Cover Picture: Phys. Status Solidi C 4/2011

Excitons in cuprous oxide are promising candidates for the observation of Bose–Einstein condensation. Based on a multi-component Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov theory, Sobkowiak et al., pp. 1178ff., determined the density profiles and luminescence spectra of interacting para- and orthoexcitons in a stress induced potential trap. The cover figure shows the exciton densities (top) of a system with strong repulsion between the two ortho-species. The calculations suggest that the phase separation of the ortho-condensates is not directly observable in the respective spectra, but may be revealed by the W-shaped distortion in the spatially resolved spectrum of the thermal paraexcitons, which can be seen in the bottom figure. The experimental observation of this footprint would yield a minimum estimate of the relative strength of the respective interactions.

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Abstract For the observation of Bose–Einstein condensation, excitons in cuprous oxide are regarded as promising candidates due to their large binding energy and long lifetime. High particle densities may be achieved by entrapment in a stress induced potential. We consider a multicomponent gas of interacting para‐ and orthoexcitons in cuprous oxide confined in a three‐dimensional potential trap. Based on the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov theory, we calculate density profiles as well as decay luminescence spectra which exhibit signatures of the separation of the Bose‐condensed phases (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
For the observation of Bose–Einstein condensation, ex-citons in cuprous oxide are regarded as promising can-didates due to their large binding energy and long life-time. High particle densities may be achieved by entrap-ment in a stress induced potential. We consider a multi-component gas of interacting para- and orthoexcitons in cuprous oxide confined in a three-dimensional potential trap. Based on the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov theory, we calculate density profiles as well as decay luminescence spectra which exhibit signatures of the separation of the Bose-condensed phases. Copyright line will be provided by the publisher 1 Introduction The theoretical framework for trapped dilute interacting bosonic gases is well known from the theory of atomic condensates [1,2,3,4]. First applications
Excitons in cuprous oxide are promising candidates for the observation of Bose–Einstein condensation. Based on a multi-component Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov theory, Sobkowiak et al., pp. 1178ff., determined the density profiles and luminescence spectra of interacting para- and orthoexcitons in a stress induced potential trap. The cover figure shows the exciton densities (top) of a system with strong repulsion between the two ortho-species. The calculations suggest that the phase separation of the ortho-condensates is not directly observable in the respective spectra, but may be revealed by the W-shaped distortion in the spatially resolved spectrum of the thermal paraexcitons, which can be seen in the bottom figure. The experimental observation of this footprint would yield a minimum estimate of the relative strength of the respective interactions.
The system under consideration is a multicomponent gas of interacting paraexcitons and orthoexcitons confined in a three-dimensional potential trap. We calculate the spatially resolved optical emission spectrum due to interband transitions involving weak direct and phonon-mediated exciton-photon interactions. For each component, the occurrence of a Bose-Einstein condensate changes the spectrum in a characteristic way so that it directly reflects the constant chemical potential of the excitons and the renormalization of the quasiparticle excitation spectrum. Moreover, the interaction between the components leads, in dependence on temperature and particle number, to modifications of the spectra indicating phase separation of the subsystems. Typical examples of density profiles and luminescence spectra of ground-state paraexcitons and orthoexcitons in Cu2O{\text{Cu}}_{2}\text{O}Cu2​O are given.
Abstract In this paper we present a hydrodynamic model to describe the dynamics of para- and orthoexcitons in cuprous oxide at ultralow temperatures inside a stress induced potential trap. We take into account the finite lifetime of the excitons, the excitation process and exciton–phonon as well as exciton–exciton interaction. Furthermore, we model the two-body loss mechanism assuming an Auger-like effect and compare it to an alternative explanation which relies on the formation of biexcitons. We discuss in detail the influence on the numerical results and compare the predictions to experimental data.
Excitation by two-photon resonant absorption may be able to maintain the temperature of the orthoexcitonic system in Cu2{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}Cu2​O sufficiently low, resulting in an excitonic density high enough to allow us to study the quantum Bose-Einstein statistical properties of a nearly ideal Bose gas. The luminescence spectra show that the orthoexcitonic system consists of two parts. One follows the usual Bose-Einstein statistics with chemical potential \ensuremath{\mu}=0. The other is at an energy position corresponding to zero kinetic energy.
Cooling of a gas of trapped paraexcitons in Cu2{}_{2}2​O to 100 mK, close to the lattice temperature, is reported. We show that the activation of a transverse acoustic scattering mechanism by the applied stress is responsible for the production of ultracold excitons. This low temperature is indispensable to achieving a stable and pure Bose-Einstein condensate of three-dimensional excitons in a strongly inelastic environment.