Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1010.2082

Relativistic almost local hidden-variable theory

Hrvoje Nikolić

Published Oct 11, 2010• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A simple relativistic quantum hidden-variable theory of particle trajectories, similar to the Bohm theory but without nonlocal forces between the particles, is proposed. To provide compatibility with statistical predictions of quantum mechanics one needs to assume the initial probability density |psi|^2 of particle positions in spacetime, which is the only source of nonlocality in the theory. This demonstrates that the usual Bohm hidden-variable theory contains much more nonlocality than required by the Bell theorem.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1010.2082

Related papers

A non-local, Lorentz-invariant, hidden-variable interpretation of relativistic quantum mechanics based on particle trajectories

George Horton, Christopher Dewdney

We demonstrate how to construct a Lorentz-invariant, hidden-variable interpretation of relativistic quantum mechanics based on particle trajectories. The covariant theory that we propose employs a multi-time formalism and a Lorentz-invariant rule for the coordination of the spacetime points on the individual particle trajectories. In this way we show that there is no contradiction between non-locality and Lorentz-invariance in quantum mechanics. The approach is illustrated for relativistic bosons, using a simple model to discuss the individual non-locally correlated particle motion which ensues when the wavefunction is entangled. A simple example of measurement is described.

arXiv:quant-ph/0110007•Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General•Nov 13, 2001•54 citations

A hidden variables model for non-relativistic quantum mechanics in terms of probabilities of particle paths

Emilio Santos

It is proved that in non-relativistic quantum mechanics (without spin) the transition probability may be described in terms of particle paths, every path having a (positive) probability. This leads to a stochastic hidden variables theory providing an intuitive picture of particle motion. The change of velocity at every time has a probability that depends on the potential over a large region, at a difference with the local action of classical dynamics. Thus the hidden variables theory is non-local like Bohm's, but not deterministic.

arXiv:1603.02215•Mar 7, 2016•0 citations

Bell's Theorem Without Hidden Variables

Henry Pierce Stapp

Experiments motivated by Bell's theorem have led some physicists to conclude that quantum theory is nonlocal. However, the theoretical basis for such claims is usually taken to be Bell's Theorem, which shows only that if certain predictions of quantum theory are correct, and a strong hidden-variable assumption is valid, then a certain locality condition must fail. This locality condition expresses the idea that what an experimenter freely chooses to measure in one spacetime region can have no effect of any kind in a second region situated spacelike relative to the first. The experimental results conform closely to the predictions of quantum theory in such cases, but the most reasonable conclusion to draw is not that locality fails, but rather that the hidden-variable assumption is false. For this assumption conflicts with the quantum precept that unperformed experiments have no outcomes. The present paper deduces the failure of this locality condition directly from the precepts of quantum theory themselves, in a way that generates no inconsistency or any conflict with the predictions of relativistic quantum field theory.

arXiv:quant-ph/0010047•Oct 11, 2000•5 citations

A non-local, Lorentz-invariant, hidden-variable interpretation of relativistic quantum mechanics based on particle trajectories

Horton, G, Christopher Dewdney

We demonstrate how to construct a lorentz-invariant, hidden-variable interpretation of relativistic quantum mechanics based on particle trajectories. The covariant theory that we propose employs a multi-time formalism and a lorentz-invariant rule for the coordination of the space-time points on the individual particle trajectories. In this way we show that there is no contradiction between nonlocality and lorentz invariance in quantum mechanics. The approach is illustrated for relativistic bosons, using a simple model to discuss the individual non-locally correlated particle motion which ensues when the wavefunction is entangled. A simple example of measurement is described.

•Oct 1, 2001•31 citations

Quantum Mechanics as a Classical Theory III: Epistemology

L. S. F. Olavo

The two previous papers developed quantum mechanical formalism from classical mechanics and two additional postulates. In the first paper it was also shown that the uncertainty relations possess no ontological validity and only reflect the formalism's limitations. In this paper, a Realist Interpretation of quantum mechanics based on these results is elaborated and compared to the Copenhagen Interpretation. We demonstrate that von Neumann's proof of the impossibility of a hidden variable theory is not correct, independently of Bell's argumentation. A local hidden variable theory is found for non-relativistic quantum mechanics, which is nothing else than newtonian mechanics itself. We prove that Bell's theorem does not imply in a non-locality of quantum mechanics, and also demonstrate that Bohm's theory cannot be considered a true hidden variable theory.

arXiv:quant-ph/9503022•Mar 28, 1995•0 citations

Proof of the Existence of Universal Temporal Order in Spacetime

Shen Gao

There are two issues concerning hidden variables in quantum mechanics: 1.Whether the outcomes of quantum measurements are hidden variables has long been debated. Experiments violating Bell's inequalities have essentially refuted local hidden variable theories. 2.Quantum entanglement provides nonlocal effects that alter wave functions. However, these changes cannot transmit signals, making the exact time of such nonlocal effects a hidden variable. Theories about hidden variables are difficult to verify experimentally due to their unobservability. This paper connects these two hidden variable theories in quantum mechanics, proposing the spacetime relationship that nonlocal effects from entanglement must satisfy to prevent quantum measurement outcomes from being local hidden variables. It further outlines the spacetime relationship that any causal effects should adhere to. Based on this, the paper demonstrates the universal temporal order between relativistic spacelike events. On this foundation, it integrates the locally deterministic relativistic spacetime structure with the nonlocal phenomena of probabilistic quantum mechanics, thereby establishing the universal ordered spacetime structure.

•Feb 14, 2026•0 citations
A simple relativistic quantum hidden-variable theory of particle trajectories, similar to the Bohm theory but without nonlocal forces between the particles, is proposed. To provide compatibility with statistical predictions of quantum mechanics one needs to assume the initial probability density |psi|^2 of particle positions in spacetime, which is the only source of nonlocality in the theory. This demonstrates that the usual Bohm hidden-variable theory contains much more nonlocality than required by the Bell theorem.
We demonstrate how to construct a Lorentz-invariant, hidden-variable interpretation of relativistic quantum mechanics based on particle trajectories. The covariant theory that we propose employs a multi-time formalism and a Lorentz-invariant rule for the coordination of the spacetime points on the individual particle trajectories. In this way we show that there is no contradiction between non-locality and Lorentz-invariance in quantum mechanics. The approach is illustrated for relativistic bosons, using a simple model to discuss the individual non-locally correlated particle motion which ensues when the wavefunction is entangled. A simple example of measurement is described.
It is proved that in non-relativistic quantum mechanics (without spin) the transition probability may be described in terms of particle paths, every path having a (positive) probability. This leads to a stochastic hidden variables theory providing an intuitive picture of particle motion. The change of velocity at every time has a probability that depends on the potential over a large region, at a difference with the local action of classical dynamics. Thus the hidden variables theory is non-local like Bohm's, but not deterministic.
Experiments motivated by Bell's theorem have led some physicists to conclude that quantum theory is nonlocal. However, the theoretical basis for such claims is usually taken to be Bell's Theorem, which shows only that if certain predictions of quantum theory are correct, and a strong hidden-variable assumption is valid, then a certain locality condition must fail. This locality condition expresses the idea that what an experimenter freely chooses to measure in one spacetime region can have no effect of any kind in a second region situated spacelike relative to the first. The experimental results conform closely to the predictions of quantum theory in such cases, but the most reasonable conclusion to draw is not that locality fails, but rather that the hidden-variable assumption is false. For this assumption conflicts with the quantum precept that unperformed experiments have no outcomes. The present paper deduces the failure of this locality condition directly from the precepts of quantum theory themselves, in a way that generates no inconsistency or any conflict with the predictions of relativistic quantum field theory.
We demonstrate how to construct a lorentz-invariant, hidden-variable interpretation of relativistic quantum mechanics based on particle trajectories. The covariant theory that we propose employs a multi-time formalism and a lorentz-invariant rule for the coordination of the space-time points on the individual particle trajectories. In this way we show that there is no contradiction between nonlocality and lorentz invariance in quantum mechanics. The approach is illustrated for relativistic bosons, using a simple model to discuss the individual non-locally correlated particle motion which ensues when the wavefunction is entangled. A simple example of measurement is described.
The two previous papers developed quantum mechanical formalism from classical mechanics and two additional postulates. In the first paper it was also shown that the uncertainty relations possess no ontological validity and only reflect the formalism's limitations. In this paper, a Realist Interpretation of quantum mechanics based on these results is elaborated and compared to the Copenhagen Interpretation. We demonstrate that von Neumann's proof of the impossibility of a hidden variable theory is not correct, independently of Bell's argumentation. A local hidden variable theory is found for non-relativistic quantum mechanics, which is nothing else than newtonian mechanics itself. We prove that Bell's theorem does not imply in a non-locality of quantum mechanics, and also demonstrate that Bohm's theory cannot be considered a true hidden variable theory.
There are two issues concerning hidden variables in quantum mechanics: 1.Whether the outcomes of quantum measurements are hidden variables has long been debated. Experiments violating Bell's inequalities have essentially refuted local hidden variable theories. 2.Quantum entanglement provides nonlocal effects that alter wave functions. However, these changes cannot transmit signals, making the exact time of such nonlocal effects a hidden variable. Theories about hidden variables are difficult to verify experimentally due to their unobservability. This paper connects these two hidden variable theories in quantum mechanics, proposing the spacetime relationship that nonlocal effects from entanglement must satisfy to prevent quantum measurement outcomes from being local hidden variables. It further outlines the spacetime relationship that any causal effects should adhere to. Based on this, the paper demonstrates the universal temporal order between relativistic spacelike events. On this foundation, it integrates the locally deterministic relativistic spacetime structure with the nonlocal phenomena of probabilistic quantum mechanics, thereby establishing the universal ordered spacetime structure.