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arXiv:1009.5582 · Physical Review A

Transient energy excitation in shortcuts to adiabaticity for the time-dependent harmonic oscillator

Xi Chen, Juan Gonzalo Muga

Published Nov 4, 2010• 132 citations
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Abstract

We study for the time-dependent harmonic oscillator the transient energy excitation in speed-up processes (``shortcuts to adiabaticity'') designed to reproduce the initial populations at some predetermined final frequency and time. We provide lower bounds and examples. Implications for the limits imposed to the process times and for the principle of unattainability of the absolute zero, in a single expansion or in quantum refrigerator cycles, are drawn.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.82.053403

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We study for the time-dependent harmonic oscillator the transient energy excitation in speed-up processes (``shortcuts to adiabaticity'') designed to reproduce the initial populations at some predetermined final frequency and time. We provide lower bounds and examples. Implications for the limits imposed to the process times and for the principle of unattainability of the absolute zero, in a single expansion or in quantum refrigerator cycles, are drawn.
The expansion of a harmonic potential that holds a quantum particle may be realized without any final particle excitation but much faster than adiabatically via "shortcuts to adiabaticity" (STA). While ideally the process time can be reduced to zero, practical limitations and constraints impose minimal finite times for the externally controlled time-dependent frequency protocols. We examine the role of different time-averaged energies (total, kinetic, potential, nonadiabatic) and of the instantaneous power in characterizing or selecting different protocols. Specifically, we prove a virial theorem for STA processes, set minimal energies (or times) for given times (or energies), and discuss their realizability by means of Dirac impulses or otherwise.
Quantum adiabatic processes—that keep constant the populations in the instantaneous eigenbasis of a time-dependent Hamiltonian—are very useful to prepare and manipulate states, but take typically a long time. This is often problematic because decoherence and noise may spoil the desired final state, or because some applications require many repetitions. "Shortcuts to adiabaticity" are alternative fast processes which reproduce the same final populations, or even the same final state, as the adiabatic process in a finite, shorter time. Since adiabatic processes are ubiquitous, the shortcuts span a broad range of applications in atomic, molecular, and optical physics, such as fast transport of ions or neutral atoms, internal population control, and state preparation (for nuclear magnetic resonance or quantum information), cold atom expansions and other manipulations, cooling cycles, wavepacket splitting, and many-body state engineering or correlations microscopy. Shortcuts are also relevant to clarify fundamental questions such as a precise quantification of the third principle of thermodynamics and quantum speed limits. We review different theoretical techniques proposed to engineer the shortcuts, the experimental results, and the prospects.
Cooling methods and particle slowers as well as accelerators are basic tools for fundamental research and applications in different fields and systems.We put forward a generic mechanism to scale the momentum of a particle, regardless of its initial position and momentum, by means of a transient harmonic potential.The design of the time-dependent frequency makes use of a linear invariant and inverse techniques drawn from "shortcuts to adiabaticity."The timing of the process may be decided beforehand, and its influence on the system evolution and final features is analyzed.We address quantum systems, but the protocols found are also valid for classical particles.Similar processes are possible as well for position scaling.
We discuss fastest effectively adiabatic transitions (FEATs) for a collection of noninteracting harmonic oscillators with shared controllable real frequencies. The construction of such transitions is presented for given initial and final equilibrium states, and the dependence of the minimum time control on the interval of achievable frequencies is discussed. While the FEAT times and associated FEAT processes are important in their own right as optimal controls, the FEAT time is an added feature which provides a measure of the quality of a shortcut to adiabaticity (STA). The FEAT time is evaluated for a previously reported experiment, wherein a cloud of Rb atoms is cooled following a STA recipe that took about twice as long as the FEAT speed limit, a time efficiency of 50%.