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arXiv:1009.0791 · Physical Review B

Isentropic curves at magnetic phase transitions

J. D. Cone, Aleksander Zujev, Richard T. Scalettar

Published Jan 27, 2011• 1 citation
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Abstract

Experiments on cold atom systems in which a lattice potential is ramped up on a confined cloud have raised intriguing questions about how the temperature varies along isentropic curves, and how these curves intersect features in the phase diagram. In this paper, we study the isentropic curves of two models of magnetic phase transitions---the classical Blume-Capel model (BCM) and the Fermi Hubbard model (FHM). Both mean field theory and Monte Carlo methods are used. The isentropic curves of the BCM generally run parallel to the phase boundary in the Ising regime of low vacancy density, but intersect the phase boundary when the magnetic transition is mainly driven by a proliferation of vacancies. Adiabatic heating occurs in moving away from the phase boundary. The isentropes of the half-filled FHM have a relatively simple structure, running parallel to the temperature axis in the paramagnetic phase, and then curving upward as the antiferromagnetic transition occurs. However, in the doped case, where two magnetic phase boundaries are crossed, the isentrope topology is considerably more complex.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.83.045108

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Experiments on cold atom systems in which a lattice potential is ramped up on a confined cloud have raised intriguing questions about how the temperature varies along isentropic curves, and how these curves intersect features in the phase diagram. In this paper, we study the isentropic curves of two models of magnetic phase transitions---the classical Blume-Capel model (BCM) and the Fermi Hubbard model (FHM). Both mean field theory and Monte Carlo methods are used. The isentropic curves of the BCM generally run parallel to the phase boundary in the Ising regime of low vacancy density, but intersect the phase boundary when the magnetic transition is mainly driven by a proliferation of vacancies. Adiabatic heating occurs in moving away from the phase boundary. The isentropes of the half-filled FHM have a relatively simple structure, running parallel to the temperature axis in the paramagnetic phase, and then curving upward as the antiferromagnetic transition occurs. However, in the doped case, where two magnetic phase boundaries are crossed, the isentrope topology is considerably more complex.
We perform Monte-Carlo simulations of the anti-ferromagnetic (AF) spin-1 Blume- Capel (BC) model and the AF Ising model on triangular lattice. We estimate the exact critical magnetic fields for both models at zero temperature using the Wang-Landau sampling method. We also show the phase diagrams and the critical lines for the models using the joint density functions. We find that the shapes of critical lines for the models are identical, but the phase transitions across the critical lines are different.
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We investigate the phase diagram of the square lattice bilayer Hubbard model at half-filling with the variational Monte Carlo method for both the magnetic and the paramagnetic case as a function of the interlayer hopping and on-site Coulomb repulsion U . With this study we resolve some discrepancies in previous calculations based on the dynamical mean-field theory, and we are able to determine the nature of the phase transitions between metal, Mott insulator and band insulator. In the magnetic case we find only two phases: an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator at small for any value of U and a band insulator at large . At large U values we approach the Heisenberg limit. The paramagnetic phase diagram shows at small a metal to Mott insulator transition at moderate U values and a Mott to band insulator transition at larger U values. We also observe a re-entrant Mott insulator to metal transition and metal to band insulator transition for increasing in the range of . Finally, we discuss the phase diagrams obtained in relation to findings from previous studies based on different many-body approaches.
Abstract. We investigate the phase diagram of the square lattice bilayer Hubbard model at half filling with the variational Monte Carlo method for both the magnetic and the paramagnetic case as a function of the interlayer hopping t ⊥ and on-site Coulomb repulsion U. With this study we resolve some discrepancies in previous calculations based on the dynamical mean field theory, and we are able to determine the nature of the phase transitions between metal, Mott insulator and band insulator. In the magnetic case we find only two phases: An antiferromagnetic Mott insulator at small t ⊥ for any value of U and a band insulator at large t⊥. At large U values we approach the Heisenberg limit. The paramagnetic phase diagram shows at small t ⊥ a metal to Mott insulator transition at moderate U values and a Mott to band insulator transition at larger U values. We also observe a re-entrant Mott insulator to metal transition and metal to band insulator transition for increasing t ⊥ in the range of 5.5t < U < 7.5t. Finally, we discuss the obtained phase diagrams in relation to previous studies based on different many-body approaches. PACS numbers: 71.10.Fd, 71.27.+a, 71.30.+h 1.
Using Monte Carlo techniques and finite-size analysis, we investigate several two-dimensional lattice models with open edges, including the Blume-Capel model and the q=1 and 3 Potts models with vacancies. At bulk tricriticality, we find that the open edges are dominated by the vacancies when the surface coupling K(s) and the chemical potential D(s) of the vacancies assume the bulk values. When K(s) and/or D(s) is sufficiently enhanced, an edge phase transition takes place, beyond which spontaneous one-dimensional order occurs on the edges. Edge phase transitions can also be induced by a surface magnetic field H(s) . We numerically determine a number of edge critical exponents and derive phase diagrams in terms of K(s) , D(s) , and H(s) . In the low-temperature region, we observe first-order transitions when K(s) and D(s) are varied; the associated hysteresis loops of surface quantities are remarkably asymmetric. Some further insight into these edge transitions is provided by the exact equivalence of the tricritical q=1 Potts model and the Ising model.
Using a cluster extension of the dynamical mean-field theory (CDMFT) we map out the magnetic phase diagram of the anisotropic square lattice Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor intrachain ttt and interchain ${t}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ hopping amplitudes at half filling. A fixed value of the next-nearest-neighbor hopping ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}=\ensuremath{-}{t}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}/2$ removes the nesting property of the Fermi surface and stabilizes a paramagnetic metal phase in the weak-coupling regime. In the isotropic and moderately anisotropic regions, a growing spin entropy in the metal phase is quenched out at a critical interaction strength by the onset of long-range antiferromagnetic (AF) order of preformed local moments. It gives rise to a first-order metal-insulator transition consistent with the Mott-Heisenberg picture. In contrast, a strongly anisotropic regime ${t}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}/t\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.3$ displays a quantum critical behavior related to the continuous transition between an AF metal phase and the AF insulator. Hence, within the present framework of CDMFT, the opening of the charge gap is magnetically driven as advocated in the Slater picture. We also discuss how the lattice-anisotropy-induced evolution of the electronic structure on a metallic side of the phase diagram is tied to the emergence of quantum criticality.