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arXiv:1008.1688 · Optics Letters

All-optical switching of dark states in nonlinear coupled microring resonators

Jacob Scheuer, Andrey A. Sukhorukov, Yuri S. Kivshar

Published Nov 1, 2010• 18 citations
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Abstract

We propose and analyze an on-chip all-optical dynamic tuning scheme for coupled nonlinear resonators employing a single control beam injected in parallel with a signal beam. We show that the nonlinear Kerr response can be used to dynamically switch the spectral properties between a "dark state" and electromagnetically induced transparency configurations. Such a scheme can be realized in integrated optical applications for pulse trapping and delaying.

DOI
10.1364/ol.35.003712

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We propose and analyze an on-chip all-optical dynamic tuning scheme for coupled nonlinear resonators employing a single control beam injected in parallel with a signal beam. We show that the nonlinear Kerr response can be used to dynamically switch the spectral properties between a "dark state" and electromagnetically induced transparency configurations. Such a scheme can be realized in integrated optical applications for pulse trapping and delaying.
We report first observations of deterministic phase- and resonance-controlled all-optical electromagnetically induced transparency in multiple coupled photonic crystal cavities. The full-range tuning of coherently coupled cavity-cavity phase and resonances allow observations of transparency resonance in dark states with lifetimes longer than incoherently summed individual cavities. Supported by theoretical analyses, our multipump beam approach allows arbitrary control in two and three coupled cavities, while the standing-wave wavelength-scale photon localization allows direct scalability for chip-scale optical pulse trapping and coupled-cavity QED.
Optical resonators with controllable Q factors are key components in many areas of optical physics and engineering. We propose and investigate a Q -factor controllable system composed of two directly coupled microring resonators, one of which is tunable and coupled to dual waveguides. By shifting the resonance of the controllable microring, the Q factor of the system as well as the other microring changes significantly. We have demonstrated wide-range controllable Q factors based on this structure in silicon-on-insulator, for example. The influences of spectral detuning and coupling strength between two resonators on the variation of Q factors are studied in detail experimentally. Then, we explore its applications in optical buffering. Tunable fast-to-slow/slow-to-fast light has been carried out by switching the system between the high- Q state and low- Q state. Moreover, optical pulse capture and release are also achievable using this structure with dynamic tuning, and the photon storage properties are investigated. The proposed Q -factor tunable system is simple, flexible, and realizable in various integrated photonic platforms, allowing for potential applications in on-chip optical communications and quantum information processing.
An all-optical realization scheme of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a single silicon optomechanical microring resonator is proposed and demonstrated. Due to the strong mechanical Kerr effect and well-designed microring resonator, two modes with a resonant frequency separation of 292 GHz (2.35 nm) can be tuned into resonance when the control power is about 4.3 µW, and the EIT spectrum is achieved. Our work provides a constructive solution for realizing EIT in a single microcavity with a low mode density. Furthermore, this device is fully integrated on-chip and compatible with current complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processing and has great potential in applications such as light storage, optical sensing, and quantum optics.
Optical loss is generally perceived to be an adverse effect in integrated optics. Herein, in contrast, we propose a mechanism to harness the loss in a coupled high− ⁣Q{\rm {high-}}{\! Q}high−Q resonators system to realize on-chip electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The increasing loss of one of the coupled resonators results in a difference in Q{Q}Q factor, leading to EIT generation. This optical loss-induced EIT is studied analytically using the coupled-mode theory and demonstrated experimentally in chalcogenide coupled microring resonators. By taking advantage of the chalcogenide phase change materials that feature exceptional optical property contrasts, we further demonstrate the loss-induced mechanism to realize fast and nonvolatile responses between the EIT state and the critical coupling state in a monolithically integrated chip. Our results provide a new perspective to harvest the negative loss effect of coupled resonators for tunable photonic devices, which might shed new light on the design ideology for on-chip slow-light optical components.
The microring resonators have potential applications for the photonic integrated circuits. The dynamical phenomena of the two coupled microrings require a simple and efficient numerical formalism for solution of the system. We employ an analytical formula to calculate the optical tristability inside the two coupled microrings that takes into account Kerr nonlinearity and the effect of loss. We also compare the analytical results with the results from 3D finite-difference time-domain simulation. In addition, we show it is possible to obtain configurations which can tune the tristable region. This could be useful for designing optical logic applications.