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arXiv:1007.2165 · Physical Review A

Noisy one-way quantum computations: The role of correlations

Rafael Chaves, Fernando de Melo

Published Aug 18, 2011• 38 citations
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Abstract

A scheme to evaluate computation fidelities within the one-way model is developed and explored to understand the role of correlations in the quality of noisy quantum computations. The formalism is promptly applied to many computation instances and unveils that a higher amount of entanglement in the noisy resource state does not necessarily imply a better computation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.022324

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A scheme to evaluate computation fidelities within the one-way model is developed and explored to understand the role of correlations in the quality of noisy quantum computations. The formalism is promptly applied to many computation instances and unveils that a higher amount of entanglement in the noisy resource state does not necessarily imply a better computation.
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In measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC), quantum circuits are implemented using adaptive measurements on an entangled resource state. In practice, the resource state will always be prepared with some noise, and it is crucial to understand the effect of this noise on the operation of MBQC. Typically, one measures the fidelity of the noisy resource state with the assumption that a high fidelity state means a high fidelity computation. However, the precise relationship between these two fidelities is not known. Here, we derive an expression that equates the average fidelity of the MBQC output state to a certain correlation function evaluated on the noisy resource state. Using this expression, we show that state fidelity provides a tight lower bound on average MBQC fidelity. Conversely, we also find that state fidelity can greatly underestimate average MBQC fidelity, implying that state fidelity is not a good indicator of MBQC performance in general. In response, we formulate an efficient method to directly estimate average MBQC fidelity by measuring the aforementioned correlation function. These results therefore improve our ability to characterize noisy resource states in quantum computers and benchmark MBQC performance.
We assess the effects of a realistic intrinsic model for imperfections in cluster states by introducing noisy cluster states and characterizing their role in the one-way computational model. A suitable strategy to counter-affect these non-idealities is represented by the use of small clusters, stripped of any redundancy, which leads to the search for compact schemes for one-way quantum computation. In light of this, we quantitatively address the behavior of a simple four-qubit cluster which simulates a controlled-NOT under the influences of our model for decoherence. Our scheme can be particularly useful in an all-optical setup and the strategy we address can be directly applied in those experimental situations where small cluster states can be constucted.
Deviations from classical physics when distant quantum systems become correlated are interesting both fundamentally and operationally. There exist situations where the correlations enable collaborative tasks that are impossible within the classical formalism. Here, we consider the efficiency of quantum computation protocols compared to classical ones as a benchmark for separating quantum and classical resources and argue that the computational advantage of collaborative quantum protocols in the discrete variable domain implies the nonclassicality of correlations. By analyzing a toy model, it turns out that this argument implies the existence of quantum correlations distinct from entanglement and discord. We characterize such quantum correlations in terms of the net global coherence resources inherent within quantum states and show that entanglement and discord can be understood as special cases of our general framework. Finally, we provide an operational interpretation of such correlations as those allowing two distant parties to increase their respective local quantum computational resources only using locally incoherent operations and classical communication.