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arXiv:1006.3695

Exact exact solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for stable vortex modes

Lei Wu, Lu Li, Jie-Fang Zhang, DUMITRU BOGDAN MIHALACHE, Boris A. Malomed, Wu‐Ming Liu

Published Jun 18, 2010• 1 citation
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Abstract

We construct exact solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for solitary vortices, and approximate ones for fundamental solitons, in 2D models of Bose-Einstein condensates with a spatially modulated nonlinearity of either sign and a harmonic trapping potential. The number of vortex-soliton (VS) modes is determined by the discrete energy spectrum of a related linear Schrödinger equation. The VS families in the system with the attractive and repulsive nonlinearity are mutually complementary. \emph{% Stable} VSs with vorticity $S\geq 2$ and those corresponding to higher-order radial states are reported for the first time, in the case of the attraction and repulsion, respectively.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1006.3695

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We construct exact solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for solitary vortices, and approximate ones for fundamental solitons, in 2D models of Bose-Einstein condensates with a spatially modulated nonlinearity of either sign and a harmonic trapping potential. The number of vortex-soliton (VS) modes is determined by the discrete energy spectrum of a related linear Schrödinger equation. The VS families in the system with the attractive and repulsive nonlinearity are mutually complementary. \emph{% Stable} VSs with vorticity S≥2S\geq 2S≥2 and those corresponding to higher-order radial states are reported for the first time, in the case of the attraction and repulsion, respectively.
We construct exact solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for solitary vortices, and approximate ones for fundamental solitons, in two-dimensional models of Bose-Einstein condensates with a spatially modulated nonlinearity of either sign and a harmonic trapping potential. The number of vortex-soliton (VS) modes is determined by the discrete energy spectrum of a related linear Schr\"odinger equation. The VS families in the system with the attractive and repulsive nonlinearity are mutually complementary. Stable VSs with vorticity $S\ensuremath{\geqslant}2$ and those corresponding to higher-order radial states are reported, in the case of the attraction and repulsion, respectively.
We study fundamental and vortical solitons in disk-morphed Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) subject to strong confinement along the axial direction. Starting from the three-dimensional (3D) Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE), we proceed to an effective two-dimensional (2D) nonpolynomial Schr\"odinger equation (NPSE) derived by means of the integration over the axial coordinate. Results produced by the latter equation are in very good agreement with those obtained from the full 3D GPE, including cases when the formal 2D equation with the cubic nonlinearity is unreliable. The 2D NPSE is used to predict the density profiles and dynamical stability of repulsive and attractive BECs with zero and finite topological charges in various planar trapping configurations, including the axisymmetric harmonic confinement and one-dimensional periodic potential. In particular, we find a stable dynamical regime that was not reported before, viz., periodic splitting and recombination of trapped vortices with topological charges 2 or 3 in the self-attractive BEC.
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We study the stability of solitary vortices in a two-dimensional trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with a spatially localized region of self-attraction. Solving the respective Bogoliubov--de Gennes equations and running direct simulations of the underlying Gross-Pitaevskii equation reveals that vortices with a topological charge up to S=6S=6S=6 (at least) are stable above a critical value of the chemical potential (i.e., below a critical number of atoms, which sharply increases with SSS). The largest nonlinearity-localization radius admitting stabilization of higher-order vortices is estimated analytically and accurately identified in numerical form. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a setting which gives rise to stable higher-order vortices, S>1S>1S>1, in a trapped self-attractive BEC. The same setting may be realized in nonlinear optics too.