We present a set of Bell inequalities which are sufficient and necessary for separability of general pure multipartite quantum states in arbitrary dimensions. The relations between Bell inequalities and distillability are also studied. We show that any quantum states that violate one of these Bell inequalities are distillable.
The relation between Bell's inequalities with two two-outcome measurements per site and distillability is analyzed in systems of an arbitrary number of quantum bits. We observe that the violation of any of these inequalities by a quantum state implies that pure-state entanglement can be distilled from it. The corresponding distillation protocol may require that some of the parties join into several groups. We show that there exists a link between the amount of the Bell inequality violation and the size of the groups they have to form for distillation. Thus, a strong violation is always sufficient for full N-partite distillability. This result also allows for a security proof of multipartite quantum key distribution protocols.
Gisin's theorem states that any pure entangled state of two particles violates Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality which is a bound on correlations between measurements on two particles obtained within local realistic picture. We find that this theorem cannot be generalized to all multi-particle states for the case where measurements on each particle can be chosen between two arbitrary dichotomic observables. In particular we find a family of pure entangled states of N qubits which do not violate any Bell inequality for correlations between such measurements. We also find that Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskii-Klyshko inequalities may not always be optimal for refutation of local realistic description of correlations.
We study the relation between violation of Bell inequalities and distillability properties of quantum states. Recently, Dür [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 230402 (2001)] has shown that there are some multiparticle bound entangled states which are nonseparable and nondistillable, that violate a Bell inequality. We prove that for all the states violating this inequality there exists at least one splitting of the parties into two groups such that some pure-state entanglement can be distilled, obtaining a connection between Bell inequalities and bipartite distillable entanglement.