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arXiv:1006.0854 · Physical Review A

Collapse dynamics of a Yb176 - Yb174 Bose-Einstein condensate

G. K. Chaudhary, R. Ramakumar

Published Jun 2, 2010• 4 citations

Abstract

In this paper, we present a theoretical study of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate composed of ytterbium (Yb) isotopes in a three-dimensional anisotropic harmonic potential. The condensate consists of a mixture of $^{176}\mathrm{Yb}$ atoms which have a negative $s$-wave scattering length and $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$ atoms having a positive $s$-wave scattering length. We study the ground-state as well as dynamic properties of this two-component condensate. Due to the attractive interactions between $^{176}\mathrm{Yb}$ atoms, the condensate of $^{176}\mathrm{Yb}$ undergoes a collapse when the particle number exceeds a critical value. The critical number and the collapse dynamics are modified due to the presence of $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$ atoms. We use coupled two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equations to study the collapse dynamics. The theoretical results obtained are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results of Fukuhara et al. [Phys. Rev. A 79, 021601(R) (2009)].

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.81.063603

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In this paper, we present a theoretical study of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate composed of ytterbium (Yb) isotopes in a three-dimensional anisotropic harmonic potential. The condensate consists of a mixture of

^{176}\mathrm{Yb}

atoms which have a negative

s

-wave scattering length and

^{174}\mathrm{Yb}

atoms having a positive

s

-wave scattering length. We study the ground-state as well as dynamic properties of this two-component condensate. Due to the attractive interactions between

^{176}\mathrm{Yb}

atoms, the condensate of

^{176}\mathrm{Yb}

undergoes a collapse when the particle number exceeds a critical value. The critical number and the collapse dynamics are modified due to the presence of

^{174}\mathrm{Yb}

atoms. We use coupled two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equations to study the collapse dynamics. The theoretical results obtained are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results of Fukuhara et al. [Phys. Rev. A 79, 021601(R) (2009)].

We study the collapse in a coupled Bose-Einstein condensate of two types of bosons 1 and 2 under the action of a trap using the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The system may undergo collapse when one, two, or three of the scattering lengths

{a}_{\mathrm{ij}}

for scattering of boson i with j,

i,j=1,2,

are negative representing an attractive interaction. Depending on the parameters of the problem a single or both components of the condensate may experience collapse.

We investigate the collapse dynamics of a dipolar condensate of 52Cr atoms when the s-wave scattering length characterizing the contact interaction is reduced below a critical value. A complex dynamics, involving an anisotropic, d-wave symmetric explosion of the condensate, is observed. The atom number decreases abruptly during the collapse. We find good agreement between our experimental results and those of a numerical simulation of the three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation, including contact and dipolar interactions as well as three-body losses. The simulation indicates that the collapse induces the formation of two vortex rings with opposite circulations.

Collapsing Bose-Einstein condensates are rich and complex quantum systems for which quantitative explanation by simple models has proved elusive. We present experimental data on the collapse of high-density

{}^{85}

Rb condensates with attractive interactions and find quantitative agreement with the predictions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The collapse data and measurements of the decay of atoms from our condensates allow us to put new limits on the value of the

{}^{85}

Rb three-body loss coefficient

{K}_{3}

at small positive and negative scattering lengths.

The collapse of quasi-two-dimensional pseudospin-1/2 Bose-Einstein condensate of attracting atoms with intra- and cross-spin interaction is studied in the presence of the Rabi coupling. The condensate dynamics is presented as a function of the self-interaction and Rabi frequency. The evolution of two components of the condensate by using the Gross-Pitaevskii equations is investigated. The initial Gaussian ansatz for two-component wave functions is selected for the better interpretation of the numerical results. The intra-spin-coupling modifies the critical number of atoms causing the collapse while the collapse is observed only in a single pseudospin component. It is demonstrated that for cross-spin-coupling only double spin-components collapse can occur.

We solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equation numerically for the collapse induced by a switch from positive to negative scattering lengths. We compare our results with experiments performed with Bose-Einstein condensates of

{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb},

in which the scattering length was controlled using a Feshbach resonance. Building on previous theoretical work we identify quantitative differences between the predictions of mean-field theory and the results of the experiments. In addition to the previously reported difference between the predicted and observed critical atom number for collapse, we also find that the predicted collapse times systematically exceed those observed experimentally.