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arXiv:1005.1426

Experimental non-local generation of entanglement from independent sources

Xian‐Min Jin, Röch Jügen, Juan Yin, Tao Yang

Published May 9, 2010• 0 citations
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Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate a non-local generation of entanglement from two independent photonic sources in an ancilla-free process . Two bosons (photons) are entangled in polarization space by steering into a novel interferometer setup, in which they have never meet each other. The entangled photons are delivered to polarization analyzers in different sites, respectively, and a non-local interaction is observed. Entanglement is further verified by the way of the measured violation of a CHSH type Bell's inequality with S-values of 2.54 and 27 standard deviations. Our results will shine a new light into the understanding on how quantum mechanics works, have possible philosophic consequences on the one hand and provide an essential element for quantum information processing on the other hand. Potential applications of our results are briefly discussed.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1005.1426

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We experimentally demonstrate a non-local generation of entanglement from two independent photonic sources in an ancilla-free process . Two bosons (photons) are entangled in polarization space by steering into a novel interferometer setup, in which they have never meet each other. The entangled photons are delivered to polarization analyzers in different sites, respectively, and a non-local interaction is observed. Entanglement is further verified by the way of the measured violation of a CHSH type Bell's inequality with S-values of 2.54 and 27 standard deviations. Our results will shine a new light into the understanding on how quantum mechanics works, have possible philosophic consequences on the one hand and provide an essential element for quantum information processing on the other hand. Potential applications of our results are briefly discussed.
We experimentally demonstrate a non-local generation of entanglement from two independent photonic sources in an ancilla-free process. Two bosons (photons) are entangled in polarization space by steering into a novel interferometer setup, in which they have never met each other. The entangled photons are delivered to polarization analyzers in different sites, respectively, and a non-local interaction is observed. Entanglement is further verified by the way of the measured violation of a CHSH type Bell's inequality with S-values of 2.54 and 27 standard deviations. Our results will shine a new light onto the understanding of how quantum mechanics works, have possible philosophic consequences on the one hand and provide an essential element for quantum information processing on the other hand. Potential applications of our results are briefly discussed.
We report for the first time in an ancilla-free process a non-local entanglement between two single photons which do not meet. For our experiment we derive a simple and efficient method to entangle two single photons using post-selection technology. The photons are guided into an interferometer setup without the need for ancilla photons for projection into the Bell-states. After passing the output ports, the photons are analyzed using a bell state analyzer on each side. The experimental data clearly shows a non-local interaction between these photons, surpassing the limit set by the CHSH-inequality with an S-value of 2.54 and 24 standard deviations.
Today, perhaps more than ever before, the security of information and communication is increasingly important. The cryptographic protocols used in classical cryptography are based on mathematical algorithms and can be breached. On the other hand, the laws of quantum physics enable quantum key distribution (QKD) and it is possible to achieve absolute security of communication based on the fundamental laws of nature. Anyone who would eavesdrop QKD-based communication must perform a measurement, which implies an impact on the system that can be detected by the sender and receiver. In this paper, we present a brief overview of QKD implementations and our experimental setup for generation of quantum key. Using this setup, we measured violation of the Bell's inequality of 114 standard deviations from the classical boundary, which confirms the non-local behavior of the entangled photon pairs. One can also use this source to create hybrid connections in combination with both optical fibers and free space.
Non-locality is one of the most characteristic trait of Quantum Mechanics, and it is linked to the conceptually counter-intuitive ability of some objects (when adequately prepared) to instantaneously know about each other’s state, no matter how much space-separated they are. At the development stage of Quantum Mechanics, non-locality had been an argument of intense debate among scientists due to its consequences that seemed to contradict physicists common sense. The scientific debate on the argument faced a turning point with the publication in 1964 of the landmark paper by J. S. Bell On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox, which ended the discussion whether or not non-locality was a true aspect of physical reality, raising it to one of the fundamental aspect of our comprehension of the physical world. The scientific interest for non-locality has recently substantially increased due to its striking applications in Quantum Information Theory. The major innovative traits of Quantum Information Theory, compared to Classical Information Theory, arise in fact from the usage of non-locality as a resource for information manipulation and transmission. The aim of this thesis is to investigate experimentally the non-local properties of a quantum system. This work is one of the first to prove that it is possible to share the non-local correlations of a two-photon entangled singlet state among three observers. The sharing of non-local correlations was possible through the employment of a weak measurement scheme, used to entangle the polarization degree of freedom of photons with a path degree of freedom used as ancilla for the weak measurement. In this thesis we briefly review all the theoretical tools necessary to understand the work (Quantum Mechanics, Optics, Quantum Optics) and we discuss in depth all the aspects of our work. We demonstrate theoretically how non-locality sharing is achievable, showing that it is possible to simultaneously violate two CHSH inequalities among three observers sharing a two-photon singlet state. We describe precisely our setup and its implementation. We finally present the obtained results, which confirm our theoretical model and expectations. The achievement of double violation and the realization of a simple weak measurement scheme may have important applications for Quantum Random Number Generation or for Quantum Key Distribution exploiting weak measurements.
John Bell’s theorem of 1964 states that local elements of physical reality, existing independent of measurement, are inconsistent with the predictions of quantum mechanics (Bell, J. S. (1964), Physics (College. Park. Md). Specifically, correlations between measurement results from distant entangled systems would be smaller than predicted by quantum physics. This is expressed in Bell’s inequalities. Employing modifications of Bell’s inequalities, many experiments have been performed that convincingly support the quantum predictions. Yet, all experiments rely on assumptions, which provide loopholes for a local realist explanation of the measurement. Here we report an experiment with polarization-entangled photons that simultaneously closes the most significant of these loopholes. We use a highly efficient source of entangled photons, distributed these over a distance of 58.5 meters, and implemented rapid random setting generation and high-efficiency detection to observe a violation of a Bell inequality with high statistical significance. The merely statistical probability of our results to occur under local realism is less than 3.74×10-31, corresponding to an 11.5 standard deviation effect.