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arXiv:1004.3005

Einstein-Bohr controversy and theory of hidden variables

M. V. Lokajíček

Published Apr 18, 2010• 0 citations
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Abstract

It has been shown by us recently that Einstein was right in his controversy with Bohr or that the so called hidden-variable theory should be preferred to the Copenhagen quantum mechanics. In the following paper the corresponding arguments will be shortly repeated. The main attention will be then devoted to explaining main differences between these two quantum alternatives, differing in the access to the problem of chance, causality and locality of microscopic objects. The actual meaning of the mentioned hidden variables will be discussed, too, the essence of which remained practically unclear during all past discussions. It will be shown that the theory of hidden variables (or Schroedinger equation alone) is able to represent the properties of the whole known physical reality.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1004.3005

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It has been shown by us recently that Einstein was right in his controversy with Bohr or that the so called hidden-variable theory should be preferred to the Copenhagen quantum mechanics. In the following paper the corresponding arguments will be shortly repeated. The main attention will be then devoted to explaining main differences between these two quantum alternatives, differing in the access to the problem of chance, causality and locality of microscopic objects. The actual meaning of the mentioned hidden variables will be discussed, too, the essence of which remained practically unclear during all past discussions. It will be shown that the theory of hidden variables (or Schroedinger equation alone) is able to represent the properties of the whole known physical reality.
It has been shown by us recently that Einstein was right in his controversy with Bohr or that the so called hidden-variable theory should be preferred to the Copenhagen quantum mechanics. In the following paper the corresponding arguments will be shortly repeated. The main attention will be then devoted to explaining main differences between these two quantum alternatives, differing in the access to the problem of chance, causality and locality of microscopic objects. The actual meaning of the mentioned hidden variables will be discussed, too, the essence of which remained practically unclear during all past discussions. It will be shown that the theory of hidden variables (or Schrodinger equation alone) is able to represent the properties of the whole known physical reality.
In the given controversy, Einstein was right; the Copenhagen quantum mechanics has been based on physically unacceptable assumptions. And also later, Bell's inequalities have been mistakenly interpreted: holding true only in the classically deterministic model and not for the Schrödinger solutions when the initial state of the evolving system is represented by a (not fully known) set of different classical states; and the measured results in individual events are statistically distributed. The structure of Hilbert space formed by the solutions of the corresponding Schrödinger equation cannot be arbitrarily defined; it must be adapted to the corresponding physical system. Any Schrödinger state is then equivalent to a superposition of the solutions of the corresponding Hamilton equations, while all solutions of these equations form a greater set. However, the usual energy quantization approach represents phenomenological characteristics only, and the proper cause should be interpreted on other physical grounds. The actual source of quantum phenomena may hardly be explained without the participation of all interactions between the corresponding physical objects; their not yet fully known properties surely play an important role. The results obtained in experiments when the mutual (mainly elastic) collisions of the corresponding particles are studied might surely be very helpful.
Copenhagen quantum mechanics has required the existence of direct interaction between two objects at great distances, which was criticized by Einstein in 1935. However, the scientific community accepted the standpoint of Bohr that the given phenomenon may exist between microscopic objects. The given conclusion was then accepted practically by the whole physical community when the inequalities of Bell have been shown to be violated in corresponding experiments (in 1982). However, it has been shown recently by us that Bell’s inequalities were derived under a very strong assumption and could not be valid in the given experiment. Consequently, only the Schroedinger equation itself may be admitted as phenomenological description of the whole (microscopic and macroscopic) reality.
In contribution published in AIP Conference Proceedings, No. 1018 (p. 40-5) some discrepancies in Copenhagen quantum mechanics have been summarized and the arguments have been gathered why in the description of microscopic reality the hidden-variable theory should be preferred. It has been shown, too, that the earlier gap in physical descriptions of the microscopic and macroscopic worlds may be practically removed. All corresponding statements have been based on proofs that have been published earlier and reproduced in the given contribution only partially. In the present paper the whole approach will be explained more systematically. Some important points newly analyzed will be added.
In the contribution published in AIP Conference Proceedings, No. 1018 (p. 40-5) some discrepancies in Copenhagen quantum mechanics have been summarized and arguments have been gathered why in the description of microscopic reality hidden-variable theory should be preferred. It has been shown, too, that the earlier gap in physical descriptions of microscopic and macroscopic worlds has been practically removed. All corresponding statements have been based on proofs that had been published earlier and reproduced in the given contribution only partially. In the present paper the whole approach will be explained more systematically. Some important points newly analyzed will be added.
The mathematical model of orthodox quantum mechanics has been critically examined and some deficiencies have been summarized. The model based on the extended Hilbert space and free of these shortages has been proposed; parameters being until now denoted as "hidden" have been involved. Some earlier arguments against a hidden-variable theory have been shown to be false, too. In the known Einstein-Bohr controversy Einstein has been shown to be true. The extended model seems to be strongly supported also by the polarization experiments performed by us ten years ago.