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arXiv:1004.2640

Holographic position uncertainty and the quantum-classical transition

C. L. Herzenberg

Published Apr 15, 2010• 0 citations
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Abstract

Arguments based on general principles of quantum mechanics have suggested that a minimum length associated with Planck-scale unification may in the context of the holographic principle entail a new kind of observable uncertainty in the transverse position of macroscopically separated objects. Here, we address potential implications of such a position uncertainty for establishing an additional threshold between quantum and classical behavior.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1004.2640

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Arguments based on general principles of quantum mechanics have suggested that a minimum length associated with Planck-scale unification may in the context of the holographic principle entail a new kind of observable uncertainty in the transverse position of macroscopically separated objects. Here, we address potential implications of such a position uncertainty for establishing an additional threshold between quantum and classical behavior.
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Although cosmic expansion at very small distances is usually dismissed as entirely inconsequential, these extraordinarily small effects may in fact have a real and significant influence on our world. A calculation suggests that the minute recessional velocities associated with regions encompassed by extended bodies may have a role in creating the distinction between quantum and classical behavior. Using the criterion that the uncertainty in position should be smaller than the size of an object together with estimates based on the range of Hubble velocities extending through the object lead to a threshold size that could provide a fundamental limit distinguishing the realm of objects governed by classical laws from those governed by quantum mechanics.
Quantum gravity theories predict a minimal length at the order of magnitude of the Planck length, under which the concepts of space and time lose every physical meaning. In quantum mechanics, the insurgence of such minimal length can be described by introducing a modified position-momentum commutator, which in turn yields a generalized uncertainty principle, where the uncertainty on the position measurement has a lower bound. The value of the minimal length is not predicted by theories and must be evaluated experimentally. In this paper, we address the quantum bound to estimability of the minimal uncertainty length by performing measurements on a harmonic oscillator, which is analytically solvable in the deformed algebra of the Hilbert subspace.
The unification of quantum theory and general relativity suggests the existence of a minimal measurable length, leading to a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) and an energy-dependent vacuum group velocity. Testing these effects with macroscopic objects typically encounters the ``soccer-ball problem,'' where applying Planck-scale deformations to the total momentum predicts observationally ruled-out velocity deviations. We adopt the QFT-natural prescription in which the GUP modifies single-mode commutators, and verify by explicit calculation that the macroscopic group velocity of a multimode coherent pulse reduces to the single-photon GUP velocity evaluated at the central wavelength, multiplied by the classical Gaussian-beam factor, with no dependence on the total pulse energy. The energy--momentum relation E=pcE=pcE=pc itself is unmodified; the deformation enters through the velocity--momentum relation and is equivalent to a modified dispersion relation in the wave vector, with a quadratic coefficient that depends on which of the two variables is used. The soccer-ball problem  \,--- \, which arises only when the GUP is applied to the center-of-mass momentum of a composite system  \,--- \, is therefore absent for coherent light, and macroscopic petawatt pulses probe the same parameter space as single high-energy photons. Building on this framework, we propose a two-color vacuum chronoscopy experiment using a short-pulse petawatt laser and its high-harmonic generation. By systematically varying the macroscopic beam waist, our setup separates Planck-scale kinematic shifts from classical diffraction delays, establishing a controlled, source-independent terrestrial methodology whose sensitivity we assess against current astrophysical bounds and against the dominant waist-independent systematics that limit it, residual-gas dispersion and the harmonic birth-time offset.