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arXiv:1002.1253

Bound Genuine Multisite Entanglement: Detector of Gapless-Gapped Quantum Transitions in Frustrated Systems

Aditi Sen De, Ujjwal Sen

Published Feb 5, 2010• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We define a multiparty entanglement measure, called generalized geometric measure, that can detect and quantify genuine multiparty entanglement for any number of parties. The quantum phase transitions in exactly solvable models like the anisotropic XY model can be detected by this measure. We find that the multisite measure can be a useful tool to detect quantum phenomena in more complex systems like quasi 2D and 2D frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnets. We propose an order parameter, called bound generalized geometric measure, in the spirit of bound quantum states, that can recognize the gapless and gapped phases of the frustrated models by its sign. The vanishing of the order parameter therefore signals the transition between such phases.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1002.1253

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We define a multiparty entanglement measure, called generalized geometric measure, that can detect and quantify genuine multiparty entanglement for any number of parties. The quantum phase transitions in exactly solvable models like the anisotropic XY model can be detected by this measure. We find that the multisite measure can be a useful tool to detect quantum phenomena in more complex systems like quasi 2D and 2D frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnets. We propose an order parameter, called bound generalized geometric measure, in the spirit of bound quantum states, that can recognize the gapless and gapped phases of the frustrated models by its sign. The vanishing of the order parameter therefore signals the transition between such phases.
We investigate the behavior of genuine multiparticle entanglement, as quantified by the generalized geometric measure, in gapless-to-gapped quantum transitions of one- and two-dimensional quantum spin models. The investigations are performed in the exactly solvable one-dimensional XYXYXY models, as well as two-dimensional frustrated J1−−J2{J}_{1}--{J}_{2}J1​−−J2​ models, including the Shastry-Sutherland model. The generalized geometric measure shows nonmonotonic features near such transitions in the frustrated quantum systems. We also compare the features of the generalized geometric measure near the quantum critical points with the same for measures of bipartite quantum correlations. The multipartite quantum correlation measure turns out to be a better indicator of quantum critical points than the bipartite measures, especially for two-dimensional models.
We employ a genuine multipartite entanglement measure, the generalized geometric measure, for investigating the quantum phase transition in an infinite quantum spin-1/2 chain with two-spin as well as three-spin interactions. We show that in contrast to bipartite entanglement of the ground state, the genuine multiparty one unerringly indicates the quantum phase transition in the system. The system lends itself to a complementary behavior between bipartite and genuine multipartite entanglements. We also investigate the trend of the multipartite entanglement in finite chains, in which we perform a finite-size scaling to confirm the signature of the quantum phase transition already in finite systems. The finite-size investigation renders the phenomenon to be observable in real systems.
In this work, we investigate quantum phase transition (QPT) in a generic family of spin chains using the ground-state energy, the energy gap and the geometric measure of entanglement (GE). In many of prior works, GE per site was used. Here, we also consider GE per block with each block size being two. This can be regarded as a coarse grain of GE per site. We introduce a useful parameterization for the family of spin chains that includes the XY models with n-site interaction, the GHZ-cluster model and a cluster antiferromagnetic model, the last of which exhibits QPT between a symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phase and a symmetry-breaking antiferromagnetic phase. As the models are exactly solvable, their ground-state wavefunctions can be obtained, and thus, their GE can be studied. It turns out that the overlap of the ground states with translationally invariant product states can be exactly calculated, and hence, the GE can be obtained via further parameter optimization. The QPTs exhibited in these models are detected by the energy gap and singular behavior of geometric entanglement. In particular, the XzY model exhibits transitions from the nontrivial SPT phase to a trivial paramagnetic phase. Moreover, the halfway XY model exhibits a first-order transition across the Barouch–McCoy circle, on which it was only a crossover in the standard XY model.
In this work, we give a detailed analytic treatment of one-dimensional anisotropic XY model in the transverse field. We present a multipartite geometric measure of entanglement per site and per block and use it for quantifying global entanglement in many-body systems. We also investigate spontaneous symmetry breaking and Quantum Phase Transition (QPT) in the model. Further, we extend the solution of the XY model to the n-site interaction and diagonalize the Hamiltonian and obtain energy levels and eigenvalues. We also examine Quantum Entanglement and QPT for next-nearest neighbor interaction and halfway interaction. At last, we introduce a Generalized Cluster-XY Hamiltonian with n-site interaction. Through this, one can diagonalize many suitable bilinear Hamiltonians by defining parameters that characterize the model. By using the model, we investigate QPT between Ferromagnetic-Paramagnetic state, GHZ-Cluster state and symmetry protected topological order and an antiferromagnetic state. | 96 pages
Multiparty quantum states are useful for a variety of quantum information and computation protocols. We define a multiparty entanglement measure based on local measurements on a multiparty quantum state and an entanglement measure averaged on the postmeasurement ensemble. Using the generalized geometric measure as the measure of multipartite entanglement for the ensemble, we demonstrate, in the case of several well-known classes of multipartite pure states, that the localized multipartite entanglement can exceed the entanglement present in the original state. We also show that measurement over multiple parties may be beneficial in enhancing localizable multipartite entanglement. We point out that localizable generalized geometric measure faithfully signals quantum critical phenomena in well-known quantum spin models even when considerable finite-size effect is present in the system.
Geometric entanglement (GE), as a measure of multipartite entanglement, has been investigated as a universal tool to detect phase transitions in quantum many-body lattice models. In this paper we outline a systematic method to compute GE for two-dimensional (2D) quantum many-body lattice models based on the translational invariant structure of infinite projected entangled pair state (iPEPS) representations. By employing this method, the qqq-state quantum Potts model on the square lattice with $q\ensuremath{\in}{2,3,4,5}$ is investigated as a prototypical example. Further, we have explored three 2D Heisenberg models: the antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 XXXXXXXXX and anisotropic XYXXYXXYX models in an external magnetic field, and the antiferromagnetic spin-1 XXZXXZXXZ model. We find that continuous GE does not guarantee a continuous phase transition across a phase transition point. We observe and thus classify three different types of continuous GE across a phase transition point: (i) GE is continuous with maximum value at the transition point and the phase transition is continuous, (ii) GE is continuous with maximum value at the transition point but the phase transition is discontinuous, and (iii) GE is continuous with nonmaximum value at the transition point and the phase transition is continuous. For the models under consideration, we find that the second and the third types are related to a point of dual symmetry and a fully polarized phase, respectively.