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arXiv:1002.0774 · Physical Review B

Generalized hard-core dimer model approach to low-energy Heisenberg frustrated antiferromagnets: General properties and application to the kagome antiferromagnet

David R. Schwandt, Matthieu Mambrini, Didier Poilblanc

Published Jun 9, 2010• 44 citations
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Abstract

We propose a general nonperturbative scheme that quantitatively maps the low-energy sector of spin-1/2 frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnets to effective generalized quantum dimer models. We develop the formal lattice-independent frame and establish some important results on (i) the locality of the generated Hamiltonians, (ii) how full resummations can be performed in this renormalization scheme. The method is then applied to the much debated kagome antiferromagnet for which a fully resummed effective Hamiltonian---shown to capture the essential properties and provide deep insights on the microscopic model [D. Poilblanc, M. Mambrini, and D. Schwandt, Phys. Rev. B 81, 180402(R) (2010)]---is derived.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.81.214413

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We propose a general nonperturbative scheme that quantitatively maps the low-energy sector of spin-1/2 frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnets to effective generalized quantum dimer models. We develop the formal lattice-independent frame and establish some important results on (i) the locality of the generated Hamiltonians, (ii) how full resummations can be performed in this renormalization scheme. The method is then applied to the much debated kagome antiferromagnet for which a fully resummed effective Hamiltonian---shown to capture the essential properties and provide deep insights on the microscopic model [D. Poilblanc, M. Mambrini, and D. Schwandt, Phys. Rev. B 81, 180402(R) (2010)]---is derived.
The spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the kagomé lattice, is mapped by contractor renormalization to a spin-pseudospin Hamiltonian on the triangular superlattice. Variationally, we find a ground state with columnar dimer order. Dimer orientation fluctuations are described by an effective O(2) model at energies above an exponentially suppressed clock mass scale. Our results explain the large density of low-energy singlets observed numerically, and the nonmagnetic T2 specific heat observed experimentally.
The spin half Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the Kagome lattice, is mapped by Contractor Renormalization to a Spin-Pseudospin Hamiltonian on the triangular superlattice. Variationally, we find a ground state with columnar dimer order. Dimer orientation fluctuations are described by an effective O(2) model at energies above an exponentially suppressed clock mass scale. Our results explain the large density of low energy singlets observed numerically, and the non magnetic T-squared specific heat observed experimentally.
In analogy to the quantum dimer model on the square lattice introduced by Rokhsar and Kivelson, we identify the low-energy Hilbert space of the spin-1/2 kagom\'e Heisenberg antiferromagnet with the set of dimerized states (nearest-neighbor singlets) and derive an effective Hamiltonian which describes resonance and includes fluctuations into next-nearest-neighbor singlets. Complete diagonalization of this effective Hamiltonian for systems as large as 36 spins makes possible the study of the low-energy thermodynamics of this quantum antiferromagnet and strongly supports the double peak feature in the heat capacity.
We investigate the quantum phases of a frustrated antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin-1/2 model Hamiltonian on a Kagome-strip chain (KSC), a one-dimensional analogue of the Kagome lattice, and construct its phase diagram in an extended exchange parameter space. The isolated unit cell of this lattice comprises of five spin-1/2 particles, giving rise to several types of magnetic ground states in a unit cell: a spin-3/23/23/2 state as well as spin-1/21/21/2 states with and without additional degeneracies. We explore the ground state properties of the fully connected thermodynamic system using exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group methods, identifying several distinct quantum phases. All but one of the phases exhibit gapless spin excitations. The exception is a dimerized spin-gapped phase that covers a large part of the phase diagram and includes the uniformly exchange coupled system. We argue that this phase can be understood by perturbing around the limit of decoupled unit cells where each unit cell has six degenerate ground states. We use degenerate perturbation theory to obtain an effective Hamiltonian, a Kugel-Khomskii model with an anisotropic spin-one orbital degree of freedom, which helps explain the origin of dimerization.
This paper is concerned with physics of the low-energy singlet excitations found to exist below the spin gap in numerical studies of the Kagome lattice quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet. Insight into the nature of these excitations is obtained by exploiting an approximate mapping to a fully frustrated transverse-field Ising model on the dual dice lattice. This Ising model is shown to possess at least two phases---an ordered phase that also breaks translational symmetry with a large unit cell, and a paramagnetic phase. The former is argued to be a likely candidate for the ground state of the original Kagome magnet which thereby exhibits a specific pattern of dimer ordering with a large unit cell. Comparisons with available numerical results are made.
We revisit the description of the low-energy singlet sector of the spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on kagome in terms of an effective quantum dimer model. With the help of exact diagonalizations of appropriate finite-size clusters, we show that the embedding of a given process in its kagome environment leads to dramatic modifications of the amplitudes of the elementary loop processes, an effect not accessible to the standard approach based on the truncation of the Hamiltonian to the nearest-neighbor valence-bond basis. The resulting parameters are consistent with a Z2{Z}_{2}Z2​ spin liquid rather than with a valence-bond crystal, in agreement with the last density matrix renormalization group results.