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arXiv:1001.4222 · Physical Review A

Phase control of spatial interference from two duplicated two-level atoms

Luling Jin, Yueping Niu, Shangqing Gong

Published Feb 14, 2011• 9 citations
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Abstract

We report the phase control of spatial interference of resonance fluorescence from two duplicated two-level atoms driven by two orthogonally polarized fields. We find that in the strongly driven situation, adjusting the relative phase leads to a redistribution of the atoms and a significant change of the atomic coherences so that the pattern could survive. In order to improve the experimental realizability, we therefore propose a scheme to recover the visibility with fixed relative phase by adjusting the relative intensity between the two driving fields or, alternatively, by using a standing-wave field.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.023410

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We report the phase control of spatial interference of resonance fluorescence from two duplicated two-level atoms driven by two orthogonally polarized fields. We find that in the strongly driven situation, adjusting the relative phase leads to a redistribution of the atoms and a significant change of the atomic coherences so that the pattern could survive. In order to improve the experimental realizability, we therefore propose a scheme to recover the visibility with fixed relative phase by adjusting the relative intensity between the two driving fields or, alternatively, by using a standing-wave field.
In a recent experiment by Eichmann et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2359 (1993)], polarization-sensitive measurements of the fluorescence from two four-level ions driven by a linearly polarized laser were made. Depending on the polarization chosen, different degrees of interference were observed. We carry out a theoretical and numerical study of this system, showing that the results can largely be understood by treating the atoms as independent radiators which are synchronized by the phase of the incident laser field. The interference and its loss may be described in terms of the difference between coherent and incoherent driving of the various atomic transitions in the steady state. In the numerical simulations, which are carried out using the Monte Carlo wave-function method, we remove the assumption that the atoms radiate independently and consider the photodetection process in detail. This allows us to see the total interference pattern build up from individual photodetections and also to see the effects of superfluorescence, which become important when the atomic separation is comparable to an optical wavelength. The results of the calculations are compared with the experiment. We also carry out simulations in the non-steady-state regime and discuss the relationship between the visibility of the interference pattern and which-path considerations.
In this article, we investigate the optical response of a duplicated two-level atomic medium submitted to a stationnary control field and a weak co-propagating probe field, orthogonally polarized to each other. We show that both reflected and transmitted components of the probe may be absorbed and amplified. Moreover, for moderate optical depths, reflection and transmission factors are controlled by the relative phase between control and probe fields, which makes the configuration we present here promising for the development of optical devices. Moreover, we determine the exact conditions where reflection and transmission factors can be controlled by the relative phase between control and probe fields.
In a recent paper Meyer and Yeoman [Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2650 (1997)] have shown that the resonance fluorescence from two atoms placed in a cavity and driven by an incoherent field can produce an interference pattern with a dark center. We study the fluorescence from two coherently driven atoms in free space and show that this system can also produce an interference pattern with a dark center. This happens when the atoms are in nonequivalent positions in the driving field, i.e., the atoms experience different intensities and phases of the driving field. We discuss the role of the interatomic interactions in this process and find that the interference pattern with a dark center results from the participation of the antisymmetric state in the dynamics of the driven two-atom system.
We consider a duplicated two-level system where each two-level subsystem is driven by a strong resonant femtosecond pulse and a weak resonant femtosecond pulse connects cross transitions. Strong interference effects are induced in such a configuration leading to a modulation of the medium gain as a function of the relative phase between the pulses []. We study here the influence of the temporal overlap between the pulses on the dynamics of the system and the medium gain. We show that the dynamics is dominated by two competing phenomena: Light shifts (LS) induced by the driving pulse that prevails for small delays and free induction decay (FID) that prevails for large delays. LS enhance the medium gain for and reduce it for , whereas FID always leads to a decrease of the medium gain.
We discuss quantum interference effects in the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a \ensuremath{\Lambda} three-level atom when the lower-level doublet is driven by a coherent field. The interfering pathways that lead to the same final state involve both spontaneous decays and stimulated transitions, and differ from one another by an odd number of stimulated processes induced by the driving field. As a consequence, the interference structures depend upon the phase of the coherent field, an effect that is absent in other resonance fluorescence phenomena. The phase dependence of the quantum interference contribution is especially significant when the level splitting of the driven doublet is comparable to the spontaneous decay rates of the competing optical paths.