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arXiv:1001.3325

Diagrammatic analysis of the Hubbard model II: Superconducting state

V. A. Moskalenko, Leonid Alekseevich Dohotaru, D. F. Digor, I. D. Cebotari

Published Jan 19, 2010• 0 citations
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Abstract

Diagrammatic analysis for normal state of Hubbard model proposed in our previous paper [1] is generalized and used to investigate superconducting state of this model. We use the notion of charge quantum number to describe the irreducible Green's function of the superconducting state. As in the previous paper we introduce the notion of tunneling Green's function and of its mass operator. This last quantity turns out to be equal to correlation function of the system. We proved the existence of exact relation between renormalized one-particle propagator and thermodynamic potential which includes integration over auxiliary interaction constant. The notion of skeleton diagrams of propagator and vacuum kinds were introduced. These diagrams are constructed from irreducible Green's functions and tunneling lines. Identity of this functional to the thermodynamic potential has been proved and the stationarity with respect to variation of the mass operator has been demonstrated.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1001.3325

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Diagrammatic analysis for normal state of Hubbard model proposed in our previous paper [1] is generalized and used to investigate superconducting state of this model. We use the notion of charge quantum number to describe the irreducible Green's function of the superconducting state. As in the previous paper we introduce the notion of tunneling Green's function and of its mass operator. This last quantity turns out to be equal to correlation function of the system. We proved the existence of exact relation between renormalized one-particle propagator and thermodynamic potential which includes integration over auxiliary interaction constant. The notion of skeleton diagrams of propagator and vacuum kinds were introduced. These diagrams are constructed from irreducible Green's functions and tunneling lines. Identity of this functional to the thermodynamic potential has been proved and the stationarity with respect to variation of the mass operator has been demonstrated.
Diagrammatic analysis for normal state of Hubbard model proposed in our previous paper is generalized and used to investigate superconducting state of this model. We use the notion of charge quantum number to describe the irreducible Green's function of the superconducting state. As in the previous paper we introduce the notion of tunneling Green's function and of its mass operator. This last quantity turns out to be equal to correlation function of the system. We proved the existence of exact relation between renormalized one-particle propagator and thermodynamic potential which includes integration over auxiliary interaction constant. The notion of skeleton diagrams of propagator and vacuum kinds were introduced. These diagrams are constructed from irreducible Green's functions and tunneling lines. Identity of this functional to the thermodynamic potential has been proved and the stationarity with respect to variation of the mass operator has been demonstrated.
The diagram approach proposed many years ago for the strongly correlated Hubbard model is developed with the aim to analyze the thermodynamic potential properties. A new exact relation between renormalized quantities such as the thermodynamic potential, the one-particle propagator, and the correlation function is established. This relation contains an additional integration of the one-particle propagator with respect to an auxiliary constant. The vacuum skeleton diagrams constructed from the irreducible Green’s functions and tunneling propagator lines are determined and a special functional is introduced. The properties of this functional are investigated and its relation to the thermodynamic potential is established. The stationarity property of this functional with respect to first-order variations of the correlation function is demonstrated; as a consequence, the stationarity property of the thermodynamic potential is proved.
Diagrammatic approach proposed many years ago for strong correlated Hubbard model is developed for analyzing of the thermodynamic potential properties. The new exact relation between such renormalized quantities as thermodynamic potential, one-particle propagator and correlation function is established. This relation contains additional integration of the one-particle propagator by the auxiliary constant. The vacuum skeleton diagrams constructed from irreducible Green’s functions and tunneling propagator lines are determined and special functional is introduced. The properties of such functional are investigated and its relation to the thermodynamic potential is established. The stationary properties of this functional with respect to first order changing of the correlation function is demonstrated and as a consequence the stationary properties of the thermodynamic potential is proved.
We present a functional renormalization group analysis of superconductivity in the ground state of the attractive Hubbard model on a square lattice. Spontaneous symmetry breaking is treated in a purely fermionic setting via anomalous propagators and anomalous effective interactions. In addition to the anomalous interactions arising already in the reduced BCS model, effective interactions with three incoming legs and one outgoing leg (and vice versa) occur. We accomplish their integration into the usual diagrammatic formalism by introducing a Nambu matrix for the effective interactions. From a random-phase approximation generalized through use of this matrix we conclude that the impact of the 3+1 effective interactions is limited, especially considering the effective interactions which are important for the determination of the order parameter. The exact hierarchy of flow equations for one-particle irreducible vertex functions is truncated on the two-particle level, with higher-order self-energy corrections included in a scheme proposed by Katanin (2004 Phys. Rev. B 70 115109). Using a parametrization of effective interactions by patches in momentum space, the flow equations can be integrated numerically to the lowest scales without encountering divergences. Momentum-shell as well as interaction-flow cutoff functions are used, including a small external field or a large external field and a counterterm, respectively. Both approaches produce momentum-resolved order parameter values directly from the microscopic model. The size of the superconducting gap is in reasonable agreement with expectations from other studies.
A new diagram technique based on the generalized Wick theorem has been elaborated for the systems with strong electronic correlations.Coulomb repulsion of the electrons of the Hubbard model is considered as the main part of Hamiltonian and is taken into account in a zero order approximation.The hopping matrix elements are considered as a perturbation.One-particle Matsubara-Green function of the model has been investigated and Dyson equation has been obtained.New elements of the theory which are characteristic of this new approach are the local many-particle irreducible Green functions, or Kubo cumulants.They become zero when Coulomb interaction is zero.The main task of this paper is the summing of ladder diagrams which take into account the most essential charge and spin fluctuations of the system.The integral equations, which sum such diagrams, have been established for two different channels.The coherent potential approximation has been used to simplify and solve these equations.On this basis a metal-dielectric phase transition has been investigated.
A general theory of superconductivity is formulated within the thermodynamic Green function method for vari-ous types of pairing mediated by phonons, spin fluctuations, and strong Coulomb correlations in the Hubbard and t-J models. A rigorous Dyson equation for matrix Green functions is derived in terms of a self-energy as a many-particle Green function. By applying the noncrossing approximation for the self-energy, a closed self-consistent system of equations is obtained, similar to the conventional Eliashberg equations. A brief discus-sion of superconductivity mediated by kinematic interaction with an estimation of a superconducting transition temperature in the Hubbard model is given. Key words: Green functions, theory of superconductivity, strong electron correlations PACS: 74.20.-z, 74.20.Mn, 74.72.-h