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arXiv:0910.5358 · Journal of Modern Optics

Nonclassicality of photon-added squeezed vacuum and its decoherence in thermal environment

Liyun Hu, Hong-Yi Fan

Published Apr 9, 2010• 28 citations
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Abstract

We studied the nonclassicality of photon-added squeezed vacuum (PASV) and its decoherence in thermal environment in terms of the sub-Poissonian statistics and the negativity of the Wigner function (WF). By converting the PASV to a squeezed Hermite polynomial excitation state, we derive a compact expression for the normalization factor of m-PASV, which is an m-order Legendre polynomial of squeezing parameter r. We also derive the explicit expression of WF of m-PASV and find the negative region of WF in phase space. We show that there is an upper bound value of r for this state to exhibit sub-Poissonian statistics increasing as m increases. Then we derive the explicit analytical expression of time evolution of WF of m-PASV in the thermal channel and discuss the loss of nonclassicality using the negativity of WF. The threshold value of decay time is presented for the single PASV.

DOI
10.1080/09500341003654435

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We studied the nonclassicality of photon-added squeezed vacuum (PASV) and its decoherence in thermal environment in terms of the sub-Poissonian statistics and the negativity of the Wigner function (WF). By converting the PASV to a squeezed Hermite polynomial excitation state, we derive a compact expression for the normalization factor of m-PASV, which is an m-order Legendre polynomial of squeezing parameter r. We also derive the explicit expression of WF of m-PASV and find the negative region of WF in phase space. We show that there is an upper bound value of r for this state to exhibit sub-Poissonian statistics increasing as m increases. Then we derive the explicit analytical expression of time evolution of WF of m-PASV in the thermal channel and discuss the loss of nonclassicality using the negativity of WF. The threshold value of decay time is presented for the single PASV.
Theoretical analysis is given of nonclassicality and decoherence of the field states generated by adding any number of photons to the squeezed thermal state (STS). Based on the fact that the squeezed number state can be considered as a single-variable Hermite polynomial excited state, the compact expression of the normalization factor is derived, a Legendre polynomial. The nonclassicality is investigated by exploring the sub-Poissonian and negative Wigner function (WF). The results show that the WF of single-photon–added STS (PASTS) always has negative values at the phase space center. The decoherence effect on PASTS is examined by the analytical expression of WF. It is found that a longer threshold value of decay time than in single-photon–subtraction STS is included in single PASTS.
The statistical properties of m -coherent superposition operation (μ a + va † ) m on the single-mode squeezed vacuum state (M-SSVS) and its decoherence in a thermal environment are studied. Converting the M-SSVS to a squeezed Hermite polynomial excitation state, we obtain a compact expression for the normalization factor of M-SSVS, which is the Legendre polynomial of the squeezing parameter. We also derive the explicit expression of the Wigner function (WF) of the M-SSVS, and find the negative region of the WF in phase space. The decoherence effect on this state is then discussed by deriving the time evolution of the WF. Using the negativity of the WF, the loss of nonclassicality is then discussed.
We investigate the statistical properties of photon subtractions from a two-mode squeezed vacuum state and its decoherence in a thermal environment. It is found that the state can be considered as a squeezed two-variable Hermite polynomial excitation vacuum, and the normalization of this state is the Jacobi polynomial of the squeezing parameter. A compact expression for the Wigner function (WF) is also derived analytically by using the Weyl-ordered operator invariance under similar transformations. Especially, the nonclassicality is discussed in terms of the negativity of the WF. The decoherence effect on this state is then discussed by deriving the time evolution of the WF. It is shown that the WF is always positive for any squeezing parameter and any photon-subtraction number if the decay time exceeds an upper bound (κt>½ ln 2n¯+2/2n¯+1).
The statistical properties of m-coherent superposition operation(μa + νa■)m on the single-mode squeezed vacuum state(M-SSVS) and its decoherence in a thermal environment are studied.Converting the M-SSVS to a squeezed Hermite polynomial excitation state,we obtain a compact expression for the normalization factor of M-SSVS,which is the Legendre polynomial of the squeezing parameter.We also derive the explicit expression of the Wigner function(WF) of the M-SSVS,and find the negative region of the WF in phase space.The decoherence effect on this state is then discussed by deriving the time evolution of the WF.Using the negativity of the WF,the loss of nonclassicality is then discussed.
We investigate the statistical properties of the photon-subtractions from the two-mode squeezed vacuum state and its decoherence in a thermal environment. It is found that the state can be considered as a squeezed two-variable Hermite polynomial excitation vacuum and the normalization of this state is the Jacobi polynomial of the squeezing parameter. The compact expression for Wigner function (WF) is also derived analytically by using the Weyl ordered operators' invariance under similar transformations. Especially, the nonclassicality is discussed in terms of the negativity of WF. The effect of decoherence on this state is then discussed by deriving the analytical time evolution results of WF. It is shown that the WF is always positive for any squeezing parameter and photon-subtraction number if the decay time exceeds an upper bound (}$κt>{1/2}\ln \frac{2\bar{n}+2}{2\bar{n}+1}).
We discuss nonclassical properties of single-photon subtracted squeezed vacuum states in terms of the sub-Poissonian statistics and the negativity of the Wigner function. We derive a compact expression for the Wigner function from which we find the region of phase space where Wigner function is negative. We find an upper bound on the squeezing parameter for the state to exhibit sub-Poissonian statistics. We then study the effect of decoherence on the single-photon subtracted squeezed states. We present results for two different models of decoherence, viz. amplitude decay model and the phase diffusion model. In each case we give analytical results for the time evolution of the state. We discuss the loss of nonclassicality as a result of decoherence. We show through the study of their phase-space properties how these states decay to vacuum due to the decay of photons. We show that phase damping leads to very slow decoherence, slower than the photon-number decay.