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arXiv:0910.5297 · Open Systems & Information Dynamics

Relation Between the Dynamics of the Reduced Purity and Correlations

Gen Kimura, Hiromichi Ohno, Milán Mosonyi

Published Sep 1, 2010• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

General property of the relation between the dynamics of reduced purity and correlations in quantum mechanical systems is investigated. We show that a non-zero time-derivative of the reduced purity of a system implies the existence of non-zero correlations with its environment for any unbounded Hamiltonian with finite variance. This shows the impact of local dynamical information on the correlations, as well as the role of correlations in the mechanism of purity change.

DOI
10.1142/s123016121000014x

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General property of the relation between the dynamics of reduced purity and correlations in quantum mechanical systems is investigated. We show that a non-zero time-derivative of the reduced purity of a system implies the existence of non-zero correlations with its environment for any unbounded Hamiltonian with finite variance. This shows the impact of local dynamical information on the correlations, as well as the role of correlations in the mechanism of purity change.
The possibility of detecting correlations between two quantum-mechanical systems from only the information of a subsystem is investigated. For generic cases, we prove that there exist correlations between two quantum systems if the time derivative of the reduced purity is not zero. Therefore, an experimentalist can conclude that correlations between the system and some environment are nonzero if the time derivative of the reduced purity is found not to be zero. A quantitative estimation of the time derivative of the reduced purity with respect to correlations is also given. This clarifies the role of correlations in the mechanism of decoherence in open quantum systems.
We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for a quantum system to be stable under any general system-environment interaction. Quantum systems are stable when the time-derivative of their purity is zero. This stability provides a dynamical explanation of the classicality of measurement apparatus. We also propose a protocol to detect global quantum correlations using only local dynamical information. We show how quantum correlations to the environment provide bounds to the purity rate, which in turn can be used to estimate dissipation rates for general non-Markovian open quantum systems.
Purity as a quantifier of an impact of environment on an open quantum system is studied for a qubit dephasingly interacting with its environment. We analyze how time evolution of the purity depends on initial states of the composite system both in the case of infinite and finite environments. It is shown that for a certain class of initial preparations, the purity of an evolving qubit state initially correlated with infinite environment can be greater than in the case of uncorrelated qubit-environment initial preparations. We identify a class of initial states leading to such desired outcome.
We determine the total state dynamics of a dephasing open quantum system using the standard environment of harmonic oscillators. Of particular interest are random unitary approaches to the same reduced dynamics and system–environment correlations in the full model. Concentrating on a model with an at times negative dephasing rate, the issue of 'non-Markovianity' will also be addressed. Crucially, given the quantum environment, the appearance of non-Markovian dynamics turns out to be accompanied by a loss of system–environment correlations. Depending on the initial purity of the qubit state, these system–environment correlations may be purely classical over the whole relevant time scale, or there may be intervals of genuine system–environment entanglement. In the latter case, we see no obvious relation between the build-up or decay of these quantum correlations and 'non-Markovianity'.
A quantum system which evolves in time while interacting with an external environ- ment is said to be an open quantum system (OQS), and the influence of the environment on the unperturbed unitary evolution of the system generally leads to non-unitary dynamics. This kind of open system dynamical evolution has been typically modeled by a Standard Prescription (SP) which assumes that the state of the OQS is initially uncorrelated with the environment state. It is here shown that when a minimal set of physically motivated assumptions are adopted, not only does there exist constraints on the reduced dynamics of an OQS such that this SP does not always accurately describe the possible initial cor- relations existing between the OQS and environment, but such initial correlations, and even entanglement, can be witnessed when observing a particular class of reduced state transformations termed purity extractions are observed. Furthermore, as part of a more fundamental investigation to better understand the minimal set of assumptions required to formulate well defined reduced dynamical quantum maps, it is demonstrated that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the set of initial reduced states and the set of admissible initial system-environment composite states when G-consistency is enforced. Given the discussions surrounding the requirement of complete positivity and the reliance on the SP, the results presented here may well be found valuable for determining the ba- sic properties of reduced dynamical maps, and when restrictions on the OQS dynamics naturally emerge.
The basic features of the dynamics of open quantum systems, such as the dissipation of energy, the decay of coherences, the relaxation to an equilibrium or non-equilibrium stationary state, and the transport of excitations in complex structures are of central importance in many applications of quantum mechanics. The theoretical description, analysis and control of non-Markovian quantum processes play an important role in this context. While in a Markovian process an open system irretrievably loses information to its surroundings, non-Markovian processes feature a flow of information from the environment back to the open system, which implies the presence of memory effects and represents the key property of non-Markovian quantum behavior. Here, we review recent ideas developing a general mathematical definition for non-Markoviantiy in the quantum regime and a measure for the degree of memory effects in the dynamics of open systems which are based on the exchange of information between system and environment. We further study the dynamical effects induced by the presence of system-environment correlations in the total initial state and design suitable methods to detect such correlations through local measurements on the open system.