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arXiv:0909.1133 · Physical Review A

Near-resonance light scattering from a high-density ultracold atomic 87 Rb gas

Salim Balik, Aye Win, Mark D. Havey, Igor M. Sokolov, Dmitriy V. Kupriyanov

Published May 13, 2013• 78 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We report a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of near-resonance light scattering from a high-density and ultracold atomic ${}^{87}$Rb gas. The atomic sample, having a peak density $\ensuremath{\sim}$$5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}$ atoms/cm${}^{3}$, temperature $\ensuremath{\sim}$65 $\ensuremath{\mu}$K, and initially prepared in the $F=1$ lower-energy ${}^{87}$Rb hyperfine component, is optically pumped to the higher-energy $F=2$ hyperfine level. Measurements are made of the transient hyperfine pumping process and of the time evolution of scattering of near-resonance probe radiation on the $F=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=3$ transition. Features of the density, detuning, and temporal dependence of the signals are attributed to the high density and consequent large optical depth of the samples.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.053817

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We report investigation of near-resonance light scattering from a cold and dense atomic gas of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms. Measurements are made for probe frequencies tuned near the $F=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=3$ nearly closed hyperfine transition, with particular attention paid to the dependence of the scattered light intensity on detuning from resonance, the number of atoms in the sample, and atomic sample size. We find that, over a wide range of experimental variables, the optical depth of the atomic sample serves as an effective single scaling parameter which describes well all the experimental data.
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We report an experimental study of near resonance light scattering on the F=1→F′=0F = 1 \rightarrow F' = 0F=1→F′=0 component of the D2D_2D2​ line in atomic 87Rb^{87}Rb87Rb. Experiments are performed on spatially bi-Gaussian ultracold gas samples having peak densities ranging from about 5⋅1012−5⋅10135 \cdot 10^{12} - 5 \cdot 10^{13}5⋅1012−5⋅1013 atoms/cm3^{3}3 and for a range of resonance saturation parameters and detunings from atomic resonance. Time resolution of the scattered light intensity reveals dynamics of multiple light scattering, optical pumping, and saturation effects. The experimental results in steady-state are compared qualitatively with theoretical models of the light scattering process. The steady-state line shape of the excitation spectrum is in good qualitative agreement with these models.
We report measurements of near-resonance light scattering from an ultracold sample of 87Rb^{87}\text{R}\text{b}87Rb atoms formed in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Time-dependent measurements of scattering of probe radiation tuned in the vicinity of the $F=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0$ hyperfine transition of the D2{D}_{2}D2​ resonance line reveal dynamics due to Zeeman optical pumping on this transition in competition with diffusive light scattering in the optically dense sample. Zeeman mixing effects due to small residual magnetic fields also play an important role in the scattered light dynamics and reveal surprising sensitivity to the field strength. The various processes are examined as a function of probe-laser power, detuning from atomic resonance, and the presence or absence of the spatially inhomogeneous MOT quadrupole field.
Over the past half century, atomic ensembles have been used to create sensors, clocks, and quantum information systems. As these devices become more compact, and as the number of atoms increases to improve the sensitivity for detection, the atomic samples are increasing in density and optical depth. As such, the spectroscopic properties of the atomic media are modified due to interactions among the particles in the ensemble. We report investigation of near-resonance light scattering from a cold atomic sample of 87Rb. Initially prepared in a magneto-optical trap, the atoms are loaded into a far-off-resonance optical dipole trap (FORT) in which the ensemble has a temperature near 100 mK and initial Gaussian radii of approximately 3 mm and 280 mm in the transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively. With atomic densities in the range of 1010 - 1013 atoms/cm3, measurements are made on the F=2 -> F'=3 nearly closed hyperfine transition. The experimental geometry consists of projecting a near-resonance collimated laser beam onto the entire volume of the FORT and detecting the diffusely scattered light. The measured scattered light intensity as a function of detuning, atomic number, and sample size suggests that collective light scattering depends on the optical depth of the system.
A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of time- and alignment-dependent propagation of light in an ultracold atomic gas of atomic 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb is reported. Coherences among the scattering amplitudes for light scattering off excited hyperfine levels produce strong variations of the light polarization in the vicinity of atomic resonance. Measurements are in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo simulations of the multiple scattering process.