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arXiv:0908.4444 · Physical Review A

Upper limit on the magnetic dipole contribution to the 5p−8p transition in Rb by use of ultracold atom spectroscopy

R. Pires, Marco Ascoli, Edward E. Eyler, P. L. Gould, Andrei Derevianko

Published Dec 2, 2009• 10 citations
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Abstract

We report on hyperfine-resolved spectroscopic measurements of the electric-dipole-forbidden $5{p}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}8{p}_{1/2}$ transition in a sample of ultracold $^{87}\text{R}\text{b}$ atoms. The hyperfine selection rules enable the weak magnetic dipole $(M1)$ contribution to the transition strength to be distinguished from the much stronger electric quadrupole $(E2)$ contribution. An upper limit on the $M1$ transition strength is determined that is about 50 times smaller than an earlier experimental determination. We also calculate the expected value of the $M1$ matrix element and find that it is less than the upper limit extracted from the experiment.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.80.062502

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We report on hyperfine-resolved spectroscopic measurements of the electric-dipole-forbidden 5p3/2\ensuremath→8p1/25{p}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}8{p}_{1/2}5p3/2​\ensuremath→8p1/2​ transition in a sample of ultracold 87Rb^{87}\text{R}\text{b}87Rb atoms. The hyperfine selection rules enable the weak magnetic dipole (M1)(M1)(M1) contribution to the transition strength to be distinguished from the much stronger electric quadrupole (E2)(E2)(E2) contribution. An upper limit on the M1M1M1 transition strength is determined that is about 50 times smaller than an earlier experimental determination. We also calculate the expected value of the M1M1M1 matrix element and find that it is less than the upper limit extracted from the experiment.
An advanced undergraduate experiment to study the 5P3/2→6P3/2 electric quadrupole transition in rubidium atoms is presented. The experiment uses two external cavity diode lasers, one operating at the D2 rubidium resonance line and the other built with commercial parts to emit at 911 nm. The lasers produce the 5s→5p→6p excitation sequence in which the second step is the forbidden transition. Production of atoms in the 6P3/2 state is observed by detection of the 420 nm fluorescence that results from electric dipole decay into the ground state. Lines whose widths are significantly narrower than the Doppler width are used to study the hyperfine structure of the 6P3/2 state in rubidium. The spectra illustrate characteristics unique to electric dipole forbidden transitions, like the electric quadrupole selection rules; they are also used to show general aspects of two-color laser spectroscopy such as velocity selection and hyperfine pumping.
We report the first observation of a nondipole transition in an ultracold atomic vapor. We excite the $3P\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}4P$ electric quadrupole (E2E2E2) transition in 23Na^{23}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}23Na confined in a magneto-optical trap, and we demonstrate its application to high-resolution spectroscopy by making the first measurement of the hyperfine structure of the 4P1/24{P}_{1/2}4P1/2​ level and extracting the magnetic dipole constant $\mathrm{A}=30.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{M}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{z}$. We use cw optical-optical double resonance accompanied by photoionization to probe the transition.
We have measured the absolute frequency of the excited state transition 5P(3/2)-4D(5/2) in a (87)Rb atom with a femtosecond frequency comb, utilizing the recently developed spectroscopic technique of the double resonance optical pumping method. The absolute energy level of the 4D(5/2) state is determined by measuring the absolute frequency of the 5S(1/2)-5P(3/2) transition simultaneously. The hyperfine structure constants of the 4D(5/2) state are obtained by using the measured frequency. The magnetic dipole constant, A, is determined to be (-16.747+/-0.010) MHz with an uncertainty reduced 60-fold compared with a previous result. The electric quadrupole constant, B, is determined, for what is to our knowledge the first time, to be (4.149+/-0.059) MHz.
Abstract We present the first evidence of excitation of the 5 p 3 / 2 → 6 p 1 / 2 electric dipole-forbidden transition in atomic rubidium. The experiments were done in a rubidium vapor cell using Doppler-free optical–optical double resonance spectroscopy with counter-propagating beams, with a similar scheme to the excitation of the other fine transition 6 p 3/2 in the 6 p J manifold reported in Ponciano-Ojeda et al (2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 042511). The 5 p 3 / 2 → 6 p 1 / 2 dipole-forbidden excitation occurs at a wavelength λ ≈ 917.5 nm. The spectra showed the two main hyperfine states of the 6 p 1/2 manifold, and also resolved up to three satellites that appear due to effects of selection of velocities in thermal rubidium atoms. The polarization dependence of the relative intensities of the hyperfine lines of the decay fluorescence is also investigated. The data show that the individual line intensities and also the total cross-section have a strong dependence on the polarization direction. Experimental data for different polarization configurations of the light beams used in this two-photon spectroscopy are compared with the results of calculations that consider a strong atom-field coupling in the preparation step, followed by a weak electric quadrupole excitation and the blue fluorescence decay emission. Good agreement between experiment and this three-step model is found in the case of linear–linear polarizations, which confirms the results found for the 5 p 3 / 2 → 6 p 3 / 2 forbidden transition. The results presented here complete the information about the 5 p 3/2 → 6 p J electric dipole-forbidden transition in rubidium.
Abstract We report a measurement of the hyperfine-structure constants of the 85Rb 4 D 3 / 2 state using two-photon optical spectroscopy of the 5 S 1 / 2 → 4 D 3 / 2 transition. The spectra are acquired by measuring the transmission of the low-power 795 nm lower-stage laser beam through a cold-atom sample as a function of laser frequency, with the frequency of the upper-stage, 1476 nm laser fixed. All 4 hyperfine components of the 4 D 3 / 2 state are well-resolved in the experimental data. The dominant systematic is the light shift from the 1476 nm laser, which is addressed by extrapolating line positions measured for a set of 1476 nm laser powers to zero laser power. The analysis of our experimental data yields both the magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole constants for the 85Rb 4 D 3 / 2 level, without using earlier hyperfine measurements of other atomic levels. The respective results, A = 7.419(35) MHz and B = 4.19(19) MHz, are discussed in context with previous works. Our investigation may be useful for optical atomic clocks for precision metrology and emerging atom-based quantum technologies, all-infrared excitation of Rb Rydberg levels, and molecular physics.
Measurements of the linear polarization degree of the $5p{}^{2}{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}8p{}^{2}{P}_{{j}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ transitions ${(j}^{\ensuremath{'}}=1/2,3/2)$ in atomic 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb are reported. The radiative transitions are electric-dipole forbidden, but electric-quadrupole allowed. In addition, because of the relatively strong spin-orbit interaction in Rb, the $p\ensuremath{-}p$ transitions can acquire a magnetic-dipole transition strength that may be a measurable fraction of the electric-quadrupole strength. The polarization measurements can generally provide a different and sensitive way to extract the relative transition strengths. We have measured the linear polarization degree of the $5p{}^{2}{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}8p{}^{2}{P}_{{j}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ transitions over a wide range of Rb density. We report here observations of a different depolarization effect, whereby the measured polarization of the $5s{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5p{}^{2}{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}8p{}^{2}{P}_{1/2}$ transition increases, while that for the $5s{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5p{}^{2}{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}8p{}^{2}{P}_{3/2}$ transition decreases with increasing Rb density. The behavior is attributed to strong laser field effects associated with the $5s{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5p{}^{2}{P}_{3/2}$ resonance transition.