Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:0908.3351

Experimental demonstration of a high speed quantum random number generation scheme based on measuring phase noise of a single mode laser

Bing Qi, Yue-Meng Chi, Hoi‐Kwong Lo, Qian, Li

Published Aug 24, 2009• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present a high speed random number generation scheme based on measuring the quantum phase noise of a single mode diode laser operating at a low intensity level near the lasing threshold. A delayed self-heterodyning system has been developed to measure the random phase fluctuation.By actively stabilizing the phase of the fiber interferometer, a random number generation rate of 500Mbit/s has been demonstrated and the generated random numbers have passed all the DIEHARD tests.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0908.3351

Related papers

High-speed quantum random number generation by measuring phase noise of a single-mode laser

Bing Qi, Yue-Meng Chi, Hoi‐Kwong Lo +1 more

We present a high-speed random number generation scheme based on measuring the quantum phase noise of a single-mode laser operating at a low intensity level near the lasing threshold. A delayed self-heterodyning system has been developed to measure the random phase fluctuation. By actively stabilizing the phase of the interferometer, a random number generation rate of 500 Mbit/s has been demonstrated and the generated random numbers have passed all the DIEHARD tests.

Optics Letters•Jan 21, 2010•289 citations

HIGH SPEED QUANTUM-RANDOM-NUMBER GENERATION VIA MEASUREMENT ON PHASE NOISE OF LASER

YANYANG ZHU, Yuan Lü, Jun Ping Zhu +1 more

The high speed quantum-random-number generation based on measuring the quantum phase noise of DFB diode laser is investigated experimentally in this paper. The quantum randomness of the generated random string is physically guaranteed by measuring the random phase fluctuation of laser. The generated random string can pass all the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests and the random number generation rate is up to 1.25 Gbps.

International Journal of Quantum Information•Jun 1, 2011•8 citations

The generation of 68 Gbps quantum random number by measuring laser phase fluctuations

You-Qi Nie, Leilei Huang, Yang Liu +3 more

The speed of a quantum random number generator is essential for practical applications, such as high-speed quantum key distribution systems. Here, we push the speed of a quantum random number generator to 68 Gbps by operating a laser around its threshold level. To achieve the rate, not only high-speed photodetector and high sampling rate are needed but also a very stable interferometer is required. A practical interferometer with active feedback instead of common temperature control is developed to meet the requirement of stability. Phase fluctuations of the laser are measured by the interferometer with a photodetector and then digitalized to raw random numbers with a rate of 80 Gbps. The min-entropy of the raw data is evaluated by modeling the system and is used to quantify the quantum randomness of the raw data. The bias of the raw data caused by other signals, such as classical and detection noises, can be removed by Toeplitz-matrix hashing randomness extraction. The final random numbers can pass through the standard randomness tests. Our demonstration shows that high-speed quantum random number generators are ready for practical usage.

arXiv:1506.00720•Review of Scientific Instruments•Jun 1, 2015•166 citations

Engineering a Phase-Noise-Based Quantum Random Number Generator for Real-Time Secure Applications: Design, Validation, and Scalability

Anurag K. S. V., Shubham Chouhan, K. Srinivasan +2 more

Random Number Generators (RNGs) are crucial for applications ranging from cryptography to simulations. Depending on the source of randomness, RNGs are classified into Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs), True Random Number Generators (TRNGs), and Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs). This work presents the end-to-end development of a high-speed, high-efficiency, phase-noise-based QRNG system that taps into the quantum phase noise of a single-frequency laser, with randomness originating from spontaneous emission. Using a self-heterodyne measurement with a semiconductor laser (linewidth $\approx$ 5.23 $GHz$) operated near threshold and a $\sim$48 $cm$ fiber delay line, a raw data generation rate of 2.0 $Gbps$ is achieved. To ensure uniform randomness in the QRNG output, robust extraction techniques developed in-house, such as the Toeplitz Strong Extractor (TSE), are used. Randomness validation using the NIST and Diehard test suites confirms that all statistical tests pass at standard confidence levels. The developed system achieves a post-processed generation rate of 1.0 $Gbps$ in operation and attains a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 7, approaching TRL 8, making it suitable for real-time secure applications such as cryptographic key generation and stochastic modeling.

quant-pharXiv:2604.00741•International Conference on Optical and Wireless Technologies (OWT)•Apr 2, 2026•0 citations

Characterizing semiconductor laser phase noise using delayed self-homodyne measurements with optical coherent reception for quantum random number generation

Angel Valle A

We report on the experimental and theoretical analysis of the phase noise of the light emitted by a single-mode laser diode. We analyze the time dependence of the variance of the optical phase obtained in a delayed self-homodyne with optical coherent reception setup. This analysis is of interest since that phase is used for quantum random number generation. We show that the variance linearly grows from the initial time until the time delay corresponding to the extra fiber length of the setup. We show experimentally and theoretically that this initial growth can be used for measuring the phase diffusion coefficient with a delayed self-homodyne setup. This is confirmed by comparing with the results obtained with a heterodyne setup. After that time delay, the variance continues to grow more slowly than in the initial growth. We explain that behavior by the progressively important effect of low-frequency noises on the phase noise as the measurement time window increases.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Aug 18, 2026•0 citations

Truly random number generation based on measurement of phase noise of a laser

Hong Mei Guo, Wenzhuo Tang, Yu Liu +1 more

We present a simple approach to realize truly random number generator based on measuring the phase noise of a single-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser. The true randomness of the quantum phase noise originates from the spontaneous emission of photons and the random bit generation rate is ultimately limited only by the laser linewidth. With the final bit generation rate of 20 Mbit/s, the truly random bit sequence guaranteed by the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics passes the three standard randomness tests (ENT, Diehard, and NIST Statistical Test Suites). Moreover, a continuously generated random bit sequence, with length up to 14 Gbit, is verified by two additional criteria for its true randomness.

arXiv:0908.2893•Physical Review E•May 27, 2010•180 citations
We present a high speed random number generation scheme based on measuring the quantum phase noise of a single mode diode laser operating at a low intensity level near the lasing threshold. A delayed self-heterodyning system has been developed to measure the random phase fluctuation.By actively stabilizing the phase of the fiber interferometer, a random number generation rate of 500Mbit/s has been demonstrated and the generated random numbers have passed all the DIEHARD tests.
The speed of a quantum random number generator is essential for practical applications, such as high-speed quantum key distribution systems. Here, we push the speed of a quantum random number generator to 68 Gbps by operating a laser around its threshold level. To achieve the rate, not only high-speed photodetector and high sampling rate are needed but also a very stable interferometer is required. A practical interferometer with active feedback instead of common temperature control is developed to meet the requirement of stability. Phase fluctuations of the laser are measured by the interferometer with a photodetector and then digitalized to raw random numbers with a rate of 80 Gbps. The min-entropy of the raw data is evaluated by modeling the system and is used to quantify the quantum randomness of the raw data. The bias of the raw data caused by other signals, such as classical and detection noises, can be removed by Toeplitz-matrix hashing randomness extraction. The final random numbers can pass through the standard randomness tests. Our demonstration shows that high-speed quantum random number generators are ready for practical usage.
Random Number Generators (RNGs) are crucial for applications ranging from cryptography to simulations. Depending on the source of randomness, RNGs are classified into Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs), True Random Number Generators (TRNGs), and Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs). This work presents the end-to-end development of a high-speed, high-efficiency, phase-noise-based QRNG system that taps into the quantum phase noise of a single-frequency laser, with randomness originating from spontaneous emission. Using a self-heterodyne measurement with a semiconductor laser (linewidth ≈\approx≈ 5.23 GHzGHzGHz) operated near threshold and a $\sim$48 cmcmcm fiber delay line, a raw data generation rate of 2.0 GbpsGbpsGbps is achieved. To ensure uniform randomness in the QRNG output, robust extraction techniques developed in-house, such as the Toeplitz Strong Extractor (TSE), are used. Randomness validation using the NIST and Diehard test suites confirms that all statistical tests pass at standard confidence levels. The developed system achieves a post-processed generation rate of 1.0 GbpsGbpsGbps in operation and attains a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 7, approaching TRL 8, making it suitable for real-time secure applications such as cryptographic key generation and stochastic modeling.
We report on the experimental and theoretical analysis of the phase noise of the light emitted by a single-mode laser diode. We analyze the time dependence of the variance of the optical phase obtained in a delayed self-homodyne with optical coherent reception setup. This analysis is of interest since that phase is used for quantum random number generation. We show that the variance linearly grows from the initial time until the time delay corresponding to the extra fiber length of the setup. We show experimentally and theoretically that this initial growth can be used for measuring the phase diffusion coefficient with a delayed self-homodyne setup. This is confirmed by comparing with the results obtained with a heterodyne setup. After that time delay, the variance continues to grow more slowly than in the initial growth. We explain that behavior by the progressively important effect of low-frequency noises on the phase noise as the measurement time window increases.
We present a simple approach to realize truly random number generator based on measuring the phase noise of a single-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser. The true randomness of the quantum phase noise originates from the spontaneous emission of photons and the random bit generation rate is ultimately limited only by the laser linewidth. With the final bit generation rate of 20 Mbit/s, the truly random bit sequence guaranteed by the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics passes the three standard randomness tests (ENT, Diehard, and NIST Statistical Test Suites). Moreover, a continuously generated random bit sequence, with length up to 14 Gbit, is verified by two additional criteria for its true randomness.