Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:0908.2055 · Physical Review A

Dissipation-induced Tonks-Girardeau gas of polaritons

Martin Kiffner, Michael J. Hartmann

Published Feb 26, 2010• 45 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A scheme for the generation of a Tonks-Girardeau (TG) gas of polaritons with purely dissipative interaction is described. We put forward a master equation approach for the description of stationary light in atomic four-level media and show that, under suitable conditions, two-particle decays are the dominant photon loss mechanism. These dissipative two-photon losses increase the interaction strength by at least one order of magnitude as compared to dispersive two-photon processes and can drive the polaritons into the TG regime. Characteristic correlations of the TG gas, including quantities that distinguish it from free fermions, can be measured via standard quantum optical techniques. Our scheme thus allows one to feasibly generate highly correlated photon states, which can be of considerable use in quantum-information processing and precision measurements.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.81.021806

Related papers

Master equation approach for interacting slow- and stationary-light polaritons

Martin Kiffner, Michael J. Hartmann

A master equation approach for the description of dark-state polaritons in coherently driven atomic media is presented. This technique provides a description of light-matter interactions under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) that is well suited for the treatment of polariton losses. The master equation approach allows us to describe general polariton-polariton interactions that may be conservative, dissipative, or a mixture of both. In particular, it enables us to study dissipation-induced correlations as a means for the creation of strongly correlated polariton systems. Our technique reveals a loss mechanism for stationary-light polaritons that has not been discussed so far. We find that polariton losses in level configurations with nondegenerate ground states can be a multiple of those in level schemes with degenerate ground states.

arXiv:1005.4865•Physical Review A•Sep 14, 2010•11 citations

Simulating one-dimensional systems with stationary Rydberg dark polaritons

Hudson Pimenta Silveira, Aaron Z. Goldberg, Josiah Sinclair +1 more

Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) with Rydberg atoms enables strong interactions between atoms to be controlled and measured by pulses of light. Consequently, Rydberg dark polaritons are a promising platform for quantum simulations. Of particular interest are simulations of one-dimensional systems, known to exhibit unique properties compared to their higher-dimensional counterparts. One limitation of standard EIT is that reducing the polariton group velocity to bring the dark polaritons to rest also implies activating strong Rydberg interactions. To achieve independent control of polariton speed and interaction strength, we propose a stationary light-scheme to bring Rydberg polaritons to a stand-still. This allows them to remain primarily photonic and, therefore, non-interacting, before Rydberg interactions are turned on. Once activated, in the dilute regime and in the presence of strong transverse confinement, the strong polarizabilities of Rydberg atoms give rise to an effective contact interaction between polaritons. By tuning the various parameters of the stationary-light scheme, the effective one-dimensional scattering length may be adjusted to yield various kinds of physics, including the regime of a Tonks-Girardeau gas, when polaritons exhibit fermionic behavior. We outline a protocol to observe the resulting spatial correlations between neighboring polaritons.

arXiv:1803.07565•Mar 20, 2018•0 citations

Observation of a One-Dimensional Tonks-Girardeau Gas

Toshiya Kinoshita, Trevor Wenger, David S. Weiss

We report the observation of a one-dimensional (1D) Tonks-Girardeau (TG) gas of bosons moving freely in 1D. Although TG gas bosons are strongly interacting, they behave very much like noninteracting fermions. We enter the TG regime with cold rubidium-87 atoms by trapping them with a combination of two light traps. By changing the trap intensities, and hence the atomic interaction strength, the atoms can be made to act either like a Bose-Einstein condensate or like a TG gas. We measure the total 1D energy and the length of the gas. With no free parameters and over a wide range of coupling strengths, our data fit the exact solution for the ground state of a 1D Bose gas.

Science•Jul 29, 2004•1,413 citations

Lieb-Liniger model of a dissipation-induced Tonks-Girardeau gas

Stephan Dürr, Juan José García‐Ripoll, Niels Syassen +4 more

We show that strong inelastic interactions between bosons in one dimension create a Tonks-Girardeau gas, much as in the case of elastic interactions. We derive a Markovian master equation that describes the loss caused by the inelastic collisions. This yields a loss rate equation and a dissipative Lieb-Liniger model for short times. We obtain an analytic expression for the pair correlation function in the limit of strong dissipation. Numerical calculations show how a diverging dissipation strength leads to a vanishing of the actual loss rate and renders an additional elastic part of the interaction irrelevant.

arXiv:0809.3696•Physical Review A•Feb 10, 2009•83 citations

Simulating one-dimensional physics with stationary dark polaritons

Hudson Pimenta Silveira

In recent years, the development of various platforms for quantum simulation made it possible to study many-body systems under controlled conditions. Of particular interest are one-dimensional systems, known to exhibit some unique properties compared to their higher-dimensional counterparts. One of the current promising platforms for simulations of one-dimensional systems are Rydberg dark polaritons, quasiparticles of a photon-matter hybrid character emerging in the context of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) coupled with Rydberg atoms. These polaritons are long-lived (owing to the properties of EIT) and inherit interaction properties from the huge polarizability of Rydberg atoms, both attractive features in the context of simulations. We herein construct an experimental proposal for realizing one-dimensional physics through Rydberg dark polaritons. By using a stationary-light scheme, a sequence of steps allows a laser pulse incident on a transversally trapped gas of Rydberg atoms to yield a stationary pulse of weakly interacting polaritons. Within the stationarity regime, the lasers are further tuned to adjust the interaction effective one-dimensional scattering length through a Feshbach-like resonance to create a Tonks-Girardeau-type gas of polaritons. Signatures of non-trivial correlations can then experimentally probed by retrieving the photons through a subsequent adjustment of the laser strengths. Realizing this proposal would be a landmark achievement in the fields of many-body simulations and Rydberg physics.

•Nov 1, 2018•0 citations

Dissipation-induced correlations in one-dimensional bosonic systems

Martin Kiffner, Michael J Hartmann

The quantum dynamics of interacting bosons in a one-dimensional (1D) system is investigated numerically. We consider dissipative and conservative two-particle interactions, and integrate the master equation describing the system dynamics via a time-evolving block-decimation (TEBD) algorithm. Our numerical simulations directly apply to stationary-light polaritons in systems where atoms and photons are confined to the hollow core of a photonic crystal fibre. We show that a two-particle loss term can drive an initially uncorrelated state into a regime where correlations effectively inhibit the dissipation of particles. The correlations induced by two-particle losses are compared with those generated by an elastic repulsion. For the considered time range, we find a similar behaviour in local density–density correlations but we find differences in non-local correlations.

arXiv:1012.4618•New Journal of Physics•May 16, 2011•13 citations
A scheme for the generation of a Tonks-Girardeau (TG) gas of polaritons with purely dissipative interaction is described. We put forward a master equation approach for the description of stationary light in atomic four-level media and show that, under suitable conditions, two-particle decays are the dominant photon loss mechanism. These dissipative two-photon losses increase the interaction strength by at least one order of magnitude as compared to dispersive two-photon processes and can drive the polaritons into the TG regime. Characteristic correlations of the TG gas, including quantities that distinguish it from free fermions, can be measured via standard quantum optical techniques. Our scheme thus allows one to feasibly generate highly correlated photon states, which can be of considerable use in quantum-information processing and precision measurements.
A master equation approach for the description of dark-state polaritons in coherently driven atomic media is presented. This technique provides a description of light-matter interactions under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) that is well suited for the treatment of polariton losses. The master equation approach allows us to describe general polariton-polariton interactions that may be conservative, dissipative, or a mixture of both. In particular, it enables us to study dissipation-induced correlations as a means for the creation of strongly correlated polariton systems. Our technique reveals a loss mechanism for stationary-light polaritons that has not been discussed so far. We find that polariton losses in level configurations with nondegenerate ground states can be a multiple of those in level schemes with degenerate ground states.
Electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) with Rydberg atoms enables strong interactions between atoms to be controlled and measured by pulses of light. Consequently, Rydberg dark polaritons are a promising platform for quantum simulations. Of particular interest are simulations of one-dimensional systems, known to exhibit unique properties compared to their higher-dimensional counterparts. One limitation of standard EIT is that reducing the polariton group velocity to bring the dark polaritons to rest also implies activating strong Rydberg interactions. To achieve independent control of polariton speed and interaction strength, we propose a stationary light-scheme to bring Rydberg polaritons to a stand-still. This allows them to remain primarily photonic and, therefore, non-interacting, before Rydberg interactions are turned on. Once activated, in the dilute regime and in the presence of strong transverse confinement, the strong polarizabilities of Rydberg atoms give rise to an effective contact interaction between polaritons. By tuning the various parameters of the stationary-light scheme, the effective one-dimensional scattering length may be adjusted to yield various kinds of physics, including the regime of a Tonks-Girardeau gas, when polaritons exhibit fermionic behavior. We outline a protocol to observe the resulting spatial correlations between neighboring polaritons.
We report the observation of a one-dimensional (1D) Tonks-Girardeau (TG) gas of bosons moving freely in 1D. Although TG gas bosons are strongly interacting, they behave very much like noninteracting fermions. We enter the TG regime with cold rubidium-87 atoms by trapping them with a combination of two light traps. By changing the trap intensities, and hence the atomic interaction strength, the atoms can be made to act either like a Bose-Einstein condensate or like a TG gas. We measure the total 1D energy and the length of the gas. With no free parameters and over a wide range of coupling strengths, our data fit the exact solution for the ground state of a 1D Bose gas.
We show that strong inelastic interactions between bosons in one dimension create a Tonks-Girardeau gas, much as in the case of elastic interactions. We derive a Markovian master equation that describes the loss caused by the inelastic collisions. This yields a loss rate equation and a dissipative Lieb-Liniger model for short times. We obtain an analytic expression for the pair correlation function in the limit of strong dissipation. Numerical calculations show how a diverging dissipation strength leads to a vanishing of the actual loss rate and renders an additional elastic part of the interaction irrelevant.
In recent years, the development of various platforms for quantum simulation made it possible to study many-body systems under controlled conditions. Of particular interest are one-dimensional systems, known to exhibit some unique properties compared to their higher-dimensional counterparts. One of the current promising platforms for simulations of one-dimensional systems are Rydberg dark polaritons, quasiparticles of a photon-matter hybrid character emerging in the context of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) coupled with Rydberg atoms. These polaritons are long-lived (owing to the properties of EIT) and inherit interaction properties from the huge polarizability of Rydberg atoms, both attractive features in the context of simulations. We herein construct an experimental proposal for realizing one-dimensional physics through Rydberg dark polaritons. By using a stationary-light scheme, a sequence of steps allows a laser pulse incident on a transversally trapped gas of Rydberg atoms to yield a stationary pulse of weakly interacting polaritons. Within the stationarity regime, the lasers are further tuned to adjust the interaction effective one-dimensional scattering length through a Feshbach-like resonance to create a Tonks-Girardeau-type gas of polaritons. Signatures of non-trivial correlations can then experimentally probed by retrieving the photons through a subsequent adjustment of the laser strengths. Realizing this proposal would be a landmark achievement in the fields of many-body simulations and Rydberg physics.
The quantum dynamics of interacting bosons in a one-dimensional (1D) system is investigated numerically. We consider dissipative and conservative two-particle interactions, and integrate the master equation describing the system dynamics via a time-evolving block-decimation (TEBD) algorithm. Our numerical simulations directly apply to stationary-light polaritons in systems where atoms and photons are confined to the hollow core of a photonic crystal fibre. We show that a two-particle loss term can drive an initially uncorrelated state into a regime where correlations effectively inhibit the dissipation of particles. The correlations induced by two-particle losses are compared with those generated by an elastic repulsion. For the considered time range, we find a similar behaviour in local density–density correlations but we find differences in non-local correlations.