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arXiv:0907.3589 · Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

Unconventional superconducting phases in a correlated two-dimensional Fermi gas of nonstandard quasiparticles: a simple model

Jan Kaczmarczyk, Józef Spałek

Published Aug 11, 2010• 13 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We discuss a detailed phase diagram and other microscopic characteristics on the applied magnetic field-temperature (H(a)-T) plane for a simple model of a correlated fluid represented by a two-dimensional (2D) gas of heavy quasiparticles with masses dependent on the spin direction and the effective field generated by the electron correlations. The consecutive transitions between the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) and the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phases are either continuous or discontinuous, depending on the values of H(a) and T. In the latter case, weak metamagnetic transitions occur at the BCS-FFLO boundary. We single out two different FFLO phases, as well as a re-entrant behaviour of one of them at high fields. The results are compared with those for ordinary Landau quasiparticles in order to demonstrate the robustness of the FFLO states against the BCS state for the case with spin-dependent masses (SDM). We believe that the mechanism of FFLO stabilization by SDM is generic: other high-field low-temperature (HFLT) superconducting phases should benefit from SDM as well.

DOI
10.1088/0953-8984/22/35/355702

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We discuss a detailed phase diagram and other microscopic characteristics on the applied magnetic field-temperature (H(a)-T) plane for a simple model of a correlated fluid represented by a two-dimensional (2D) gas of heavy quasiparticles with masses dependent on the spin direction and the effective field generated by the electron correlations. The consecutive transitions between the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) and the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phases are either continuous or discontinuous, depending on the values of H(a) and T. In the latter case, weak metamagnetic transitions occur at the BCS-FFLO boundary. We single out two different FFLO phases, as well as a re-entrant behaviour of one of them at high fields. The results are compared with those for ordinary Landau quasiparticles in order to demonstrate the robustness of the FFLO states against the BCS state for the case with spin-dependent masses (SDM). We believe that the mechanism of FFLO stabilization by SDM is generic: other high-field low-temperature (HFLT) superconducting phases should benefit from SDM as well.
We investigate the superconductivity of two-dimensional spin-1/2 Fermi systems with ddd-wave altermagnetism under external magnetic field near zero temperature. At large altermagnetic coupling, without magnetic field, we show that altermagnetism drives a second-order phase transition from the standard Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) state to an inhomogeneous Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state. The inclusion of a magnetic field turns the BCS state into a long-sought polarized BCS superconductor with spin-population imbalance. It also shrinks the parameter window of the FFLO state and eventually leads to a nontrivial quantum tricritical Lifshitz point, where two second-order phase transition lines between the polarized BCS, FFLO, and normal states intersect. At small altermagnetic coupling, we find the usual route to the FFLO state driven by magnetic field. The presence of altermagnetic coupling narrows the phase window of the FFLO state and creates another quantum Lifshitz point, where a first-order transition curve meets a second-order transition line. Between the two Lifshitz points, the transition from the polarized BCS state to the normal state is smooth. Our predicted rich phase diagram is relevant to some recently discovered unconventional magnets, including RuO2{\mathrm{RuO}}_{2}RuO2​ that exhibits a relatively high superconducting temperature in the thin film limit under applied strain. Our results of unconventional superfluidity are also testable in ultracold atom laboratories, where a spin-1/2 altermagnetic Fermi gas might be realizable upon loading into two-dimensional Hubbard lattices.
We show that the combination of spin-orbit coupling and in-plane Zeeman field in a two-dimensional degenerate Fermi gas can lead to a larger parameter region for Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phases than that using spin-imbalanced Fermi gases. The resulting FFLO superfluids are also more stable due to the enhanced energy difference between FFLO and conventional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) excited states. We clarify the crucial role of the symmetry of Fermi surface on the formation of finite momentum pairing. The phase diagram for FFLO superfluids is obtained in the BCS-BEC crossover region and possible experimental observations of FFLO phases are discussed.
We examine the existence and characteristics of the exotic Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase in a one-dimensional Fermi gas with attractive Hubbard interactions, in the presence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and Zeeman field. We show that a robust FFLO phase can be created in the presence of attractive on-site interactions and Zeeman field, and that the addition of SOC suppresses the FFLO order and enhances the pair formation. In absence of SOC, the system shows four phases: Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS), FFLO, multi- mode pairing and fully polarized phases by tuning the Zeeman field h, and the quantum transition between these phases is discontinuous with respect to h. In the presence of SOC, the transition from the BCS to FFLO phase becomes continuous. We present a complete phase diagram of this model both in the presence and in the absence of SOC at quarter electron filling and also explore the effect of SOC on the FFLO phase.
We examine the existence and characteristics of the exotic Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase in a one-dimensional Fermi gas with attractive Hubbard interactions in the presence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and Zeeman field. We show that a robust FFLO phase can be created in the presence of attractive on-site interactions and Zeeman field, and that the addition of SOC suppresses the FFLO order and enhances the pair formation. In the absence of SOC, the system shows four phases: Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS), FFLO, multimode pairing, and fully polarized phases by tuning the Zeeman field hhh. The quantum transition between these phases is discontinuous with respect to hhh. In the presence of SOC, the transition from the BCS to FFLO phase becomes continuous. We present a complete phase diagram of this model both in the presence and in the absence of SOC at a quarter electron filling and also explore the effect of SOC on the FFLO phase.
We investigate a two-dimensional non-Hermitian Fermi system with spin imbalance and dissipative interaction. We employ the mean-field approximation to derive and minimize the thermodynamic potential, and determine the zero-temperature phase diagram upon variation of imbalance and dissipation. Notably, we identify a Fulde−Ferrell−Larkin−Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state characterized by a pairing order parameter with finite center-of-mass momentum, along with the normal, Bardeen−Cooper−Schrieffer (BCS), and metastable BCS states. The FFLO state is favored with increasing spin imbalance but diminishes and eventually disappears with elevated dissipation. Additionally, we present the quasiparticle energy spectrum and momentum distribution, highlighting the spatial asymmetry features that can be used to deterministically identify the FFLO state.
When the magnetic field is only acting on the spin of electrons, a transition from a normal to a modulated superconducting state or Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) superconducting state may occur at low temperatures. A FFLO superconducting state, which accompanies an order parameter that oscillates spatially, may be stabilized by a high applied magnetic field or a molecular field. Quantum multipartite entanglement is a new procedure for investigating quantum phase transitions. In this article, we deal with the phase transition of the FFLO state of CeCoIn 5 to a normal state by obtaining quantum multipartite entanglement of the system. For this purpose, using normal and anomalous Green functions and the density matrix, we obtain concurrence, as a measure of bipartite entanglement. Then, the order parameter and the magnetic -field dependence of multipartite entanglement in momentum space is calculated. The phase transition is determined, and the behavior of the system based on order parameter is discussed. Furthermore, the phase transitions of both the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) and FFLO states to the normal state are compared.