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arXiv:0907.0424 · Physical Review Letters

Duality between Different Geometries of a Resonant Level in a Luttinger Liquid

Moshe Goldstein, Richard Berkovits

Published Mar 10, 2010• 27 citations
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Abstract

We prove an exact duality between the side-coupled and embedded geometries of a single level quantum dot attached to a quantum wire in a Luttinger liquid phase by a tunneling term and interactions. This is valid even in the presence of a finite bias voltage. Under this relation the Luttinger liquid parameter g goes into its inverse, and transmittance maps onto reflectance. We then demonstrate how this duality is revealed by the transport properties of the side-coupled case. Conductance is found to exhibit an antiresonance as a function of the level energy, whose width vanishes (enhancing transport) as a power law for low temperature and bias voltage whenever g > 1, and diverges (suppressing transport) for g < 1. On-resonance transmission is always destroyed, unless g is large enough.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.104.106403

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We prove an exact duality between the side-coupled and embedded geometries of a single level quantum dot attached to a quantum wire in a Luttinger liquid phase by a tunneling term and interactions. This is valid even in the presence of a finite bias voltage. Under this relation the Luttinger liquid parameter g goes into its inverse, and transmittance maps onto reflectance. We then demonstrate how this duality is revealed by the transport properties of the side-coupled case. Conductance is found to exhibit an antiresonance as a function of the level energy, whose width vanishes (enhancing transport) as a power law for low temperature and bias voltage whenever g > 1, and diverges (suppressing transport) for g < 1. On-resonance transmission is always destroyed, unless g is large enough.
In this Rapid Communication, we study the differential capacitance of a single-level quantum dot attached to quantum wires in the Luttinger-liquid phase or to fractional quantum-Hall edges, by both tunneling and interactions. We show that logarithmic or even power-law divergence of the capacitance at low temperatures may result in a substantial region of the parameter space (including the $\ensuremath{\nu}=1/3$ filling). This behavior is a manifestation of generalized two-channel Kondo physics and can be used to extract Luttinger-liquid parameters from thermodynamic measurements.
We discuss the conductance of a Luttinger liquid interrupted by a quantum dot containing a single resonant level. Using bosonization and refermionization methods, we find a mapping to a Kondo-type problem which possesses a nontrivial Toulouse-type solvable point. At this point, we obtain an analytic expression for the nonlinear current-voltage characteristics and analyze the differential conductance and the width of the resonance peak as functions of bias and gate voltages, temperature, and barrier asymmetry. We also determine the exact scaling function for the linear conductance.
A quantum impurity attached to an interacting quantum wire gives rise to an array of new phenomena. Using the Bethe Ansatz we solve exactly models describing two geometries of a quantum dot coupled to an interacting quantum wire: a quantum dot that is (i) side coupled and (ii) embedded in a Luttinger liquid. We find the eigenstates and determine the spectrum through the Bethe Ansatz equations. Using this we derive exact expressions for the ground-state dot occupation. The thermodynamics are then studied using the thermodynamics Bethe Ansatz equations. It is shown that at low energies the dot becomes fully hybridized and acts as a backscattering impurity or tunnel junction depending on the geometry and furthermore that the two geometries are related by changing the sign of the interactions. Although remaining strongly coupled for all values of the interaction in the wire, there exists competition between the tunneling and backscattering leading to a suppression or enhancement of the dot occupation depending on the sign of the bulk interactions.
We have studied low-temperature properties of interacting electrons in a one-dimensional quantum wire (Luttinger liquid) side-hybridized with a single-level impurity. The hybridization induces a backscattering of electrons in the wire which strongly affects its low-energy properties. Using a one-loop renormalization group approach valid for a weak electron-electron interaction, we have calculated a transmission coefficient through the wire, T(epsilon), and a local density of states, nu(epsilon) at low energies epsilon. In particular, we have found that the antiresonance in T(epsilon) has a generalized Breit-Wigner shape with the effective width Gamma(epsilon) which diverges at the Fermi level.
We study a system consisting of a Luttinger liquid coupled to a quantum dot on the boundary. The Luttinger liquid is expressed in terms of fermions interacting via density-density coupling, and the dot is modeled as an interacting resonant level onto which the bulk fermions can tunnel. We solve the Hamiltonian exactly and construct all eigenstates. We study both the zero- and finite-temperature properties of the system, in particular, we compute the exact dot occupation as a function of the dot energy in all parameter regimes. The system is seen to flow from weak to strong coupling for all values of the bulk interaction, with the flow characterized by a nonperturbative Kondo scale. We identify the critical exponents at the weak- and strong-coupling regimes.
We study transport through two Luttinger liquids (one-dimensional electrons interacting through a Coulomb repulsion in a metal) coupled together at two points. External voltage biases are incorporated through boundary conditions. We include density-density couplings as well as single-particle hops at the contacts. For weak repulsive interactions, transport through the wires remains undisturbed by the interwire couplings, which renormalize to zero. For strong repulsive interactions, the interwire couplings become strong. For symmetric barriers and no external voltage bias, a single gate voltage is sufficient to tune for resonance transmission in both wires. However, for asymmetric couplings or for finite external biases, the system is insulating.