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arXiv:0906.5301

Light propagation in chiral media

Robert Fleischhaker, Jörg Evers

Published Jun 29, 2009• 0 citations
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Abstract

Light propagation in chiral media is discussed. We derive the wave equations for a probe pulse propagating through a chiral medium, and solve them analytically in Fourier space using the slowly varying envelope approximation. Our analysis reveals the influence of the different medium response coefficients on the propagation dynamics. Applying these results to a specific example system, we show that chiral interactions already become important at experimentally accessible parameter ranges in dilute vapors. The chirality renders the propagation dynamics sensitive to the phase of the applied fields, and we show that this phase-dependence enables one to control the pulse evolution during its propagation through the medium. Our results demonstrate that the magnetic field component of a probe beam can crucially influence the system dynamics even if it couples to the medium only weakly.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0906.5301

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Light propagation in chiral media is discussed. We derive the wave equations for a probe pulse propagating through a chiral medium, and solve them analytically in Fourier space using the slowly varying envelope approximation. Our analysis reveals the influence of the different medium response coefficients on the propagation dynamics. Applying these results to a specific example system, we show that chiral interactions already become important at experimentally accessible parameter ranges in dilute vapors. The chirality renders the propagation dynamics sensitive to the phase of the applied fields, and we show that this phase-dependence enables one to control the pulse evolution during its propagation through the medium. Our results demonstrate that the magnetic field component of a probe beam can crucially influence the system dynamics even if it couples to the medium only weakly.
Light propagation is discussed in media with a cross coupling of the electric and magnetic component of an applied probe field. We derive the wave equations for a probe pulse propagating through such a medium and solve them analytically in Fourier space using the slowly varying envelope approximation. Our analysis reveals the influence of the different medium response coefficients on the propagation dynamics. We apply these results to a specific example system in which cross couplings are induced in an atomic medium by additional control fields. We show that the cross couplings render the propagation dynamics sensitive to the relative phase of the additional fields, and this phase dependence enables one to control the pulse during its propagation through the medium. Our results demonstrate that the magnetic field component of a probe beam can crucially influence the system dynamics already at experimentally accessible parameter ranges in dilute vapors.
We investigate the propagation of laser pulses in media with non-stationary optical and magnetic response. A new amplitude integro-differential equation, governing the evolution of wave packets with one and few cycles under the envelope, is derived. The application of slowly varying amplitude approximation to this equation reduces it to a nonlinear Slowly Varying Equation of Amplitudes (SVEA) in a second approximation of the linear dispersion. It is important to point out that the SVEA obtained in media with non-stationary optical and magnetic response is similar to the SVEA equation with stationary magnetic response. The only difference is in the expressions for the group velocity and for the dispersion parameters. In particular, in paramagnetic media near to the magnetic resonances and also in experiments with a strong DC longitudinal magnetic field, it is possible to attain negative group velocity and group velocity, higher than the velocity of light in vacuum.
Abstract We examine propagation of the linear polarized pulse through a medium containing four-level double V-type atoms. The medium is made chiral by the cross coupling of the applied electromagnetic fields. We show that such medium can be used as a polarization splitter of the probe pulse where the spatially refracted left and right circular polarized components propagate independently due to their distinct phase velocities. We find that dispersion characteristics of the chiral medium can be manipulated by the controlling parameters of the system. Consequently, both the left and right circular polarized components exhibit sub and superluminal propagation characteristics for suitable choices of the probe field detuning and external control fields. It is found that for both polarized components a switching from sub to superluminal behavior may be achieved by adjusting the probe field detuning. In addition, splitting of the left and right circular polarized components and hence peak value of the group time delay and advance may be tuned via the strengths of the control fields. Our results may find applications in spintronics, magnetic quantum optics, images coding and cloaking technology.
We shell investigate the propagation dynamics of optical pulses in media with non stationary optical and magnetic response. We derived a new amplitude integro-differential equation describing their propagation in transparency region of such media. The applied method of the slowly varying amplitude approximation to this equation reduces it to nonlinear Slowly Varying Equation of Amplitudes (SVEA) in second approximation of linear dispersion and in first approximation to the nonlinear dispersion (SVEA). It is important to point out, that the obtained SVEA in media with no stationary optical and magnetic response is similar to the SVEA equation with stationary magnetic response. The only difference is the expression for group velocity and dispersion parameters. Partially, in paramagnetic media near to magnetic resonances it is possible to reach group velocity higher than velocity of light in vacuum.
This thesis deals with the study of propagation effects experienced by weak light pulses as they propagate in atomic media driven by strong pulses. We explore both the ultra-short and long pulse regime and investigate the phenomena that arise at these different time scales. In the short pulse regime, a strongly driven two level atomic system presents transient light shifts, and non-adiabatic transitions occur between these adiabatic levels. We have studied a method to probe these light shifts in real time by propagating a weak probe through the medium. The light shifts enrich the spectrum of the probe and the probe gets shaped as a result. In this way a strongly driven two-level system can act as an active pulse shaper, and can introduce oscillations in the temporal profile of an ultra-short pulse at a time scale shorter than the pulse duration. We also show that by driving the system with two time delayed non-resonant strong fields, the non-adiabatic effects can be rendered phase dependent. This gives very sensitive phase control of the excited state population and can be used to formulate new techniques in interferometry. In the long pulse regime we present a new method of slowing light that can be realized in a double two-level system interacting with two orthogonally polarized light pulses that propagate along different axis. Spatio-temporal dependence of the total polarization induces a grating in the ground Zeeman coherence. The stronger of the two fields (the control field) is diffracted from this grating into the direction of the weak probe field compensating for the absorption of this latter field. A transparency window is thus created in the absorption spectrum of the probe leading to the slowing down of light. The transparency window exhibits characteristics similar to the one obtained by EIT (electromagnetic induced transparency) method. However, the important difference between our method and the traditional EIT method, is that ours doesn't rely on realizing dark state in the system. This may open the possibility of slowing down light in more complex atomic media. Moreover, when the linear absorptive response of the medium is cancelled in this manner, the nonlinear response becomes more important. In the situation where fields propagate in the same direction and have same frequency, two regimes have been investigated. For small optical depths, the effective susceptibility behaves as chi_lin exp[2 i phi] (with phi the phase difference between two fields). This renders phase control of the medium response, and the medium can be changed from an absorber to an amplifier, with normal or anomalous dispersion, by adjusting the relative phase phi.  In the regime of large optical thickness, phase saturation takes place and the effective susceptibility turns into chi_lin*, changing an absorber into an amplifier without effecting the dispersive response (chi_lin is linear susceptibility).
Pulse propagation is studied in an atomic medium in the Λ configuration with the control field having a periodically varying phase (chirp). Numerical calculations of a probe-pulse shape have been performed and the results are compared with those for an approximate model neglecting absorption and nonadiabatic effects. It is shown that transparency occurs for probe pulses having a sufficiently narrow envelope and an appropriately suited chirp. For other chirped probe pulses the evolution of their spectra along a sample is studied. Using a projection method, one can divide a pulse into two components: one for which the medium is transparent and the remaining one for which it is opaque.