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arXiv:0906.4323 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Secure quantum conversation through non-destructive discrimination of highly entangled multipartite states

Sakshi Jain, Sreraman Muralidharan, Prasanta Kumar Panigrahi

Published Sep 1, 2009• 36 citations
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Abstract

"Quantum conversation" is a way in which two parties can communicate classical information with each other using entanglement as a shared resource. We present this scheme using a multipartite entangled state after describing its generation through appropriate circuit diagrams. We make use of a discrimination scheme which allows one to perform a measurement on the system without destroying its entanglement. We later prove that this scheme is secure in a noiseless and a lossless quantum channel.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/87/60008

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"Quantum conversation" is a way in which two parties can communicate classical information with each other using entanglement as a shared resource. We present this scheme using a multipartite entangled state after describing its generation through appropriate circuit diagrams. We make use of a discrimination scheme which allows one to perform a measurement on the system without destroying its entanglement. We later prove that this scheme is secure in a noiseless and a lossless quantum channel.
Abstract We propose an efficient, measurement-based quantum dialogue protocol through non-destructive discrimination (NDD) of cluster state. We use ancilla-based measurements that allow the state to be reused without destroying its entanglement. The initial state is a local unitary equivalent of the five-qubit cluster state, which significantly reduces the state components from 32 to 4, simultaneously allowing one to write its different subspaces using two different bases. The protocol utilizes single qubit unitaries from the Pauli group to encode the messages, thus preserving the stabilizer nature of the initial state throughout. We demonstrate that the proposed protocol is secure under common quantum attacks and outlining the procedure for the scalability of the scheme to transmit an n -bit message. The proposed protocol has been experimentally verified using IBM quantum backend ‘IBM-Torino’ as a proof of concept. Using the stabilizer nature of the state, we further introduce a single-qubit error correction mechanism that enhances robustness against noise without requiring any additional qubits. Further, the use of NDD allows one to reuse the quantum resources in advancing the two-way dialogue, marking the importance and novelty of the proposed scheme over preexisting methods.
We initially consider a quantum system consisting of two qubits, which can be in one of two nonorthogonal states $\ensuremath{\mid}{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{0}⟩$ and $\ensuremath{\mid}{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{1}⟩$. We distribute the qubits to two parties, Alice and Bob. They each measure their qubits and then compare their measurement results to determine which state they were sent. This procedure is error-free, which implies that it must sometimes fail. In addition, no quantum memory is required; it is not necessary for one of the qubits to be stored until the result of the measurement on the other is known. We consider the cases in which, should failure occur, both parties receive a failure signal or only one does. In the latter case, if the two states share the same Schmidt basis, the states can be discriminated with the same failure probability that would be obtained if the qubits were measured together. This scheme is sufficiently simple that it can be generalized to multipartite qubit, and qudit, states. Applications to quantum secret sharing are discussed. Finally, we present an optical scheme to experimentally realize the protocol in the case of two qubits.
Identifying Bell states without destroying them is frequently dealt with in quantum technologies nowadays, such as in quantum communication and quantum computing. In practice, quantum entangled states are often distributed among distant parties, and it might be required to determine them separately at each location, without inline communication between parties. We present a scheme for discriminating an arbitrary Bell state distributed to two distant parties without destroying them. The scheme requires two entangled states that are preshared between the parties and we show that, without these ancillary resources, the probability of nondestructively discriminating the Bell state is bounded by 1/4, which is the same as random guessing. Furthermore, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment through an IonQ quantum computer that our scheme can surpass classical bounds when applied to a practical quantum processor.
We consider a quantum system of two nonorthogonal bipartite quantum states. We distribute the qubits between two parties, Alice and Bob. They each measure their qubits and then compare their measurement results to determine which state they were sent. This procedure is error-free, which implies that it must sometimes fail. In addition, no quantum memory is required; it is not necessary for one of the qubits to be stored until the result of the measurement on the other is known. We consider the cases in which, should a failure occur, both parties receive a failure signal or only one does. In the latter case, if the two states share the same Schmidt basis, the states can be discriminated with the same failure probability as would be obtained if the qubits were measured together. This scheme is sufficiently simple that it can be generalized to multipartite qubit and qudit states. Applications to quantum secret sharing are discussed.
A scheme for controlled two-way quantum teleportation of unknown one-qubit state via GHZ quadripartite entangled state was proposed.Two sides of communication(Alice and Bob)and the controller,secretly share two pairs of GHZ quadripartite entangled state in advance to construct quantum channel.According to the different ways of distribution along with different measuring vectors choosed to use,two-way quantum teleportation controlled by a third party and a fouth party were realized.After communication,Alice and Bob perform quantum projection measurement on parts of their qubits respectively.If the controller agrees to intercommunication,he should measure his qubits and announce the results via classical channel.Then the both sides of communication can make appropriate unitary transformations on their own certain qubit on the basis of the controller′s results,thus they are able to reconstruct each other′s unknown state on their own qubit.The security of the whole two-way communication is greatly impoved owing to the join of the third party Charlie and the fourth party Dennis.
We present a scheme for quantum secure direct communication with quantum encryption following some ideas in the Zhang-Li-Guo quantum key distribution scheme [Phys. Rev. A \\textbf{64}, 024302 (2001)]. Instead of the bilateral rotation operations before each round of the transmission, the two parties of communication perform a single-particle measurement on some samples chosen randomly from the quantum key, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs shared, with the two measuring bases sigmaz\\sigma_zsigmaz​ and sigmax\\sigma_xsigmax​. The quantum key can be used repeatedly for transmitting a secret message securely. Each of the travelling particles can carry one bit of message which can be read out directly by the receiver.