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arXiv:0906.3687 · Physical Review A

Controlled localization of interacting bosons in a disordered optical lattice

Júlio César Santos Júnior, Rafael A. Molina, Juan Ortigoso, Mirta Rodríguez

Published Dec 1, 2009• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We show that tunneling and localization properties of interacting ultracold atoms in an optical lattice can be controlled by adiabatically turning on a fast oscillatory force even in the presence of disorder. Our calculations are based on the exact solution of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation, using the Floquet formalism. Implications of our findings for larger systems and the possibility of controlling the phase diagram of disordered-interacting bosonic systems are discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.80.063602

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We show that tunneling and localization properties of interacting ultracold atoms in an optical lattice can be controlled by adiabatically turning on a fast oscillatory force even in the presence of disorder. Our calculations are based on the exact solution of the time-dependent Schr"odinger equation, using the Floquet formalism. Implications of our findings for larger systems and the possibility of controlling the phase diagram of disordered-interacting bosonic systems are discussed.
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In recent years ultracold atoms in optical lattices have been extensively employed as quantum simulators to study the physics of conventional solid state systems. Due to the possibility of introducing controlled disorder, it appears now a straightforward progression to use ultracold atoms in optical potentials to also study the physics of complex systems. We experimentally study a system of bosonic 87Rb atoms in a 3D optical lattice, where disorder is introduced on the length scale of the lattice sites by using an auxiliary optical lattice with a non‐commensurate wavelength. Increasing the amount of disorder, we observe the transition from a Mott Insulator state to a novel gapless insulating phase induced by the cooperation of interactions and disorder, which could be identified with a Bose Glass phase. We discuss the experimental results as well as possible additional techniques for a better diagnostic of the system and future implementations of the two‐color lattices in the study of different disorder‐induced phenomena.
We propose to observe Anderson localization of ultracold atoms in the presence of a random potential made of atoms of another species or spin state and trapped at the nodes of an optical lattice, with a filling factor less than unity. Such systems enable a nearly perfect experimental control of the disorder, while the possibility of modeling the scattering potentials by a set of pointlike ones allows an exact theoretical analysis. This is illustrated by a detailed analysis of the one-dimensional case.
In order to study the interesting interplay between localized and dispersive orbital states in a system of strongly interacting ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, we investigate the possibility to coherently couple the lowest two Bloch bands by means of resonant periodic forcing. For bosons in one dimension we show that a strongly interacting Floquet system can be realized, where at every lattice site two (and only two) near-degenerate orbital states are relevant, whose tunneling matrix elements differ in sign and magnitude. By smoothly tuning both states into resonance, the system is predicted to undergo an orbital-driven Mott-insulator-to-superfluid transition. As a consequence of kinetic frustration, this transition can be either continuous or first order, depending on parameters such as lattice depth and filling.
We propose a general method to realize frustrated tunneling of ultracold atoms in a state-dependent optical lattice. Two typical lattice configurations are considered, the square lattice with competing interaction and the kagom\'e lattice with geometrical frustration. The ideal can be extended to implement frustrated tunneling of ultracold atoms in various geometries, which enable us to investigate the physics of frustration in both bosonic and spin systems. We study the mean-field phase diagrams of the considered models and the experimental situations are also discussed.
We present a review of properties of ultracold atomic Fermi-Bose mixtures in inhomogeneous and random optical lattices. In the strong interacting limit and at very low temperatures, fermions form, together with bosons or bosonic holes, composite fermions. Composite fermions behave as a spinless interacting Fermi gas, and in the presence of local disorder they interact via random couplings and feel effective random local potential. This opens a wide variety of possibilities of realizing various kinds of ultracold quantum disordered systems. In this paper we review these possibilities, discuss the accessible quantum disordered phases, and methods for their detection. The discussed quantum phases include Fermi glasses, quantum spin glasses, ``dirty'' superfluids, disordered metallic phases, and phases involving quantum percolation.