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arXiv:0906.2743 · Optics Communications

How much quantum noise of amplifiers is detrimental to entanglement

G. S. Agarwal, S. Chaturvedi

Published Nov 12, 2009• 22 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.optcom.2009.10.068

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We consider the amplification of bosonic interactions through parametric control that implements squeezing along orthogonal quadratures. We show that bosonic interactions described by certain classes of quadratic and quartic Hamiltonians can be enhanced in this way while simultaneously overcoming noise and decoherence. In general, the amplification method enhances both desired and undesired interactions present in the system. Depending on the case, however, detrimental processes can be less amplified than the desired couplings. We leverage this observation to improve the fidelity for preparing Bell-type entangled states between two bosonic modes in the presence of noise and losses. We also investigate noise models for which the protocol either fails or partially achieves a loss-tolerant state preparation speedup. Our work facilitates faster preparation of complex quantum states and implementation of entangling gates in the presence of decoherence mechanisms.
Amplification plays a key role in classical communication protocols, where it compensates the unavoidable loss of the signal. However, when we enter the quantum domain this approach starts being problematic as the standard kinds of amplifiers are usually accompanied by excess noise which detrimentally affects the quantum features of used states. Recently, several kinds of "noiseless" amplifiers that do not suffer from this feature have been proposed. Among these amplifiers, one that stands out is the noise powered amplifier, which acts incoherently, amplifying the signal by adding the "right" kind of noise. Here we show that despite the incoherence, which makes the amplifier unsuitable for protocols such as entanglement distillation, the added noise is not a big problem in quantum key distribution tasks and can be in some situations beneficial.
After propagating through a random amplifying medium, a squeezed state commonly shows excess noise above the shot-noise level. Since large noise can significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio, it is detrimental for precision measurement. To circumvent this problem, we propose a noise-reduction scheme using wave-front shaping. It is demonstrated that the average output quantum noise can be effectively suppressed even beyond the shot-noise limit. Both the decrease of amplification strength and the increase of input squeezing strength can give rise to a decrease in the suppressed average quantum noise. Our results not only show the feasibility of manipulating the output quantum noise of random amplifying media but also indicate potential applications in quantum information processing in complex environments, such as quantum imaging, quantum communication, and quantum key distribution.