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arXiv:0906.0923

Entanglement and Fidelity for Holonomic Quantum Gates

Paolo Solinas, Maura Sassetti, Piero Truini, Nino Zanghı̀

Published Jun 4, 2009• 0 citations
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Abstract

We study entanglement and fidelity of a two-qubit system when a noisy holonomic, non-Abelian, transformation is applied to one of them. The source of noise we investigate is of two types: one due to a stochastic error representing an imprecise control of the fields driving the evolution; the other due to an interaction between the two near qubits. The peculiar level structure underlying the holonomic operator leads us to introduce the reduced logical entanglement which is the fraction of entanglement in the logical space. The comparison between entanglement and fidelity shows how they are differently affected by the noise and that, in general, the first is more robust than the latter. We find a range of physical parameters for which both fidelity and reduced logical entanglement are well preserved.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0906.0923

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We study entanglement and fidelity of a two-qubit system when a noisy holonomic, non-Abelian, transformation is applied to one of them. The source of noise we investigate is of two types: one due to a stochastic error representing an imprecise control of the fields driving the evolution; the other due to an interaction between the two near qubits. The peculiar level structure underlying the holonomic operator leads us to introduce the reduced logical entanglement which is the fraction of entanglement in the logical space. The comparison between entanglement and fidelity shows how they are differently affected by the noise and that, in general, the first is more robust than the latter. We find a range of physical parameters for which both fidelity and reduced logical entanglement are well preserved.
It is proposed that high-speed universal quantum gates can be realized by using non-Abelian holonomic transformation. A cyclic evolution path which brings the system periodically back to a degenerate qubit subspace is crucial to holonomic quantum computing. The cyclic nature and the resulting gate operations are fully dependent on the precise control of driving parameters, such as the modulated envelop function of Rabi frequency and the control phases. We investigate the effects of fluctuations in these driving parameters on the transformation fidelity of a universal set of single-qubit quantum gates. We compare the damage effects from different noise sources and determine the ``sweet spots'' in the driving parameter space. The nonadiabatic non-Abelian quantum gate is found to be more susceptible to classical noises on the envelop function than that on the control phases. We also extend our study to a two-qubit quantum gate.
We present a numerical study of the robustness of a specific class of non-Abelian holonomic quantum gates. We take into account the parametric noise due to stochastic fluctuations of the control fields which drive the time-dependent Hamiltonian along an adiabatic loop. The performance estimator used is the state fidelity between noiseless and noisy holonomic gates. We carry over our analysis with different correlation times and we find out that noisy holonomic gates seem to be close to the noiseless ones for ``short'' and ``long'' noise correlation times. This result can be interpreted as a consequence of the geometric nature of the holonomic operator. Our simulations have been performed by using parameters relevant to the excitonic proposal for the implementation of holonomic quantum computation [P. Solinas et al., Phys. Rev. B 67, 121307 (2003)].
We provide a unified geometrical description for analyzing the stability of holonomic quantum gates in the presence of imprecise driving controls (parametric noise). We consider the situation in which these fluctuations do not affect the adiabatic evolution but can reduce the logical gate performance. Using the intrinsic geometric properties of the holonomic gates, we show under which conditions of the noise's correlation time and strength the fluctuations in the driving field cancel out. In this way, we provide theoretical support for previous numerical simulations. We also briefly comment on the error due to the mismatch between the real and the nominal time of the period of the driving fields and show that it can be reduced by suitably increasing the adiabatic time.
In this thesis we investigate geometric and topological structures in the context of entanglement and quantum computation. A parallel transport condition is introduced in the context of Franson interferometry based on the maximization of two-particle coincidence intensity. The dependence on correlations is investigated and it is found that the holonomy group is in general non-Abelian, but Abelian for uncorrelated systems. It is found that this framework contains a parallel transport condition developed by Levay in the case of two-qubit systems undergoing local SU(2) evolutions. Global phase factors of topological origin, resulting from cyclic local SU(2) evolution, called topological phases, are investigated in the context of multi-qubit systems. These phases originate from the topological structure of the local SU(2)-orbits and are an attribute of most entangled multi-qubit systems. The relation between topological phases and SLOCC-invariant polynomials is discussed. A general method to find the values of the topological phases in an n-qubit system is described. A non-adiabatic generalization of holonomic quantum computation is developed in which high-speed universal quantum gates can be realized by using non-Abelian geometric phases. It is shown how a set of non-adiabatic holonomic one- and two-qubit gates can be implemented by utilizing transitions in a generic three-level Λ configuration. The robustness of the proposed scheme to different sources of error is investigated through numerical simulation. It is found that the gates can be made robust to a variety of errors if the operation time of the gate can be made sufficiently short. This scheme opens up for universal holonomic quantum computation on qubits characterized by short coherence times.
Besides standard dynamical schemes to realize a quantum computer, there are particular approaches which are based on intrinsic properties of quantum systems, leading to the definition of topological computation and holonomic, or geometric, computation. The holonomic approach can be viewed as the application of non-Abelian geometric phases to quantum information processing, it is believed to be fault-tolerant with respect of certain kind of parametric noise. Here we discuss the issue of robustness of holonomic quantum gates under parametric noise: we distinguish between geometric and dynamical effects of cancelation, which can appear in different contexts. A so-called standard argument in favor of the stability of noisy holonomic quantum gates is reviewed and extended to more general settings. New geometric effects that describe the behavior of noisy holonomic gates are presented. These effects lead to a refining of the optimal strategy to achieve a robust computation.
Geometric and holonomic quantum gates perform transformations that only dependon the geometry of a loop covered by the parameters controlling the gate. Thesegates require adiabatic time evolution, which is achieved in the limit when the looptakes infinite time to complete. However, it is of interest to also know thetransformation properties of the gates for finite run times. It has been shown [Phys.Rev. A 73, 022327 (2006)] that some holonomic gates for a trapped ion system showrevival structures, i.e., for some finite run time the gate performs the sametransformation as it does in the adiabatic limit. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if similar revival structures are shown alsofor geometric and holonomic quantum gates for spin systems. To study geometricquantum gates an NMR setup for spin-1/2 particles is used, while an NQR setup forspin-3/2 particles is used to study holonomic quantum gates. Furthermore, for thegeometric quantum gates the impact of some open system effects are examined byusing the quantum jump approach. The non-adiabatic time evolution operators of thesystems are calculated and compared to the corresponding adiabatic time evolutionoperators by computing their operator fidelity. The operator fidelity ranges between0 and 1, where 1 means that the gates are identical up to an unimportant phasefactor. All gates show an oscillating dependency on the run time, and some Abeliangates even show true revivals, i.e., the operator fidelity reaches 1.