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arXiv:0906.0034 · Physical Review B

Entanglement and Bell’s inequality violation above room temperature in metal carboxylates

Alexandre M. Souza, Diogo O. Soares-Pinto, Roberto S. Sarthour, Ivan S. Oliveira, Mario S. Reis, Paula Brandão, A. M. dos Santos

Published Feb 6, 2009• 51 citations
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Abstract

In the present work we show that a particular family of materials, the metal carboxylates, may have entangled states up to very high temperatures. From magnetic-susceptibility measurements, we have estimated the critical temperature below which entanglement exists in the copper carboxylate ${{\text{Cu}}_{2}{({\text{O}}_{2}\text{CH})}_{4}}{\text{Cu}{({\text{O}}_{2}\text{CH})}_{2}{(2\text{-methylpyridine})}_{2}}$, and we have found this to be above room temperature $({T}_{e}\ensuremath{\sim}630\text{ }\text{K})$. Furthermore, the results show that the system remains maximally entangled until close to $\ensuremath{\sim}100\text{ }\text{K}$ and the Bell's inequality is violated up to nearly room temperature $(\ensuremath{\sim}290\text{ }\text{K})$.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.79.054408

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In the present work we show that a particular family of materials, the metal carboxylates, may have entangled states up to very high temperatures. From magnetic-susceptibility measurements, we have estimated the critical temperature below which entanglement exists in the copper carboxylate Cu2(O2CH)4Cu(O2CH)2(2-methylpyridine)2{{\text{Cu}}_{2}{({\text{O}}_{2}\text{CH})}_{4}}{\text{Cu}{({\text{O}}_{2}\text{CH})}_{2}{(2\text{-methylpyridine})}_{2}}Cu2​(O2​CH)4​Cu(O2​CH)2​(2-methylpyridine)2​, and we have found this to be above room temperature (Te\ensuremath∼630 K)({T}_{e}\ensuremath{\sim}630\text{ }\text{K})(Te​\ensuremath∼630 K). Furthermore, the results show that the system remains maximally entangled until close to \ensuremath∼100 K\ensuremath{\sim}100\text{ }\text{K}\ensuremath∼100 K and the Bell's inequality is violated up to nearly room temperature (\ensuremath∼290 K)(\ensuremath{\sim}290\text{ }\text{K})(\ensuremath∼290 K).
We discuss general Bell inequalities for bipartite and multipartite systems, emphasizing the connection with convex geometry on the mathematical side, and the communication aspects on the physical side. Known results on families of generalized Bell inequalities are summarized. We investigate maximal violations of Bell inequalities as well as states not violating (certain) Bell inequalities. Finally, we discuss the relation between Bell inequality violations and entanglement properties currently discussed in quantum information theory.
The control of quantum correlations in solid state systems by means of material engineering is a broad avenue to be explored, since it makes possible steps toward the limits of quantum mechanics and the design of novel materials with applications on emerging quantum technologies. In this context, this Letter explores the potential of molecular magnets to be prototypes of materials for quantum information technology. More precisely, we engineered a material and from its geometric quantum discord we found significant quantum correlations up to 9540 K (even without entanglement); and, in addition, a pure singlet state occupied up to around 80 K (above liquid nitrogen temperature). These results could only be achieved due to the carboxylate group promoting a metal-to-metal huge magnetic interaction.
We discuss general Bell inequalities for bipartite and multipartite systems, emphasizing the connection with convex geometry on the mathematical side, and the communication aspects on the physical side. Known results on families of generalized Bell inequalities are summarized. We investigate maximal violations of Bell inequalities as well as states not violating (certain) Bell inequalities. Finally, we discuss the relation between Bell inequality violations and entanglement properties currently discussed in quantum information theory.
We discuss general Bell inequalities for bipartite and multipartite systems, emphasizing the connection with convex geometry on the mathematical side, and the communication aspects on the physical side. Known results on families of generalized Bell inequalities are summarized. We investigate maximal violations of Bell inequalities as well as states not violating (certain) Bell inequalities. Finally, we discuss the relation between Bell inequality violations and entanglement properties currently discussed in quantum information theory.
Bell-inequality violation is one of the most widely known manifestations of entanglement in quantum mechanics; indicating that experiments on physically separated quantum mechanical systems cannot be given a local realistic description. However, despite the importance of Bell inequalities, it is not known in general how to determine whether a given entangled state will violate a Bell inequality. This is because one can choose to make many different measurements on a quantum system to test any given Bell inequality and the optimization over measurements is a high-dimensional variational problem. In order to better understand this problem we present algorithms that provide, for a given quantum state and Bell inequality, both a lower bound and an upper bound on the maximal violation of the inequality. In many cases these bounds determine measurements that would demonstrate violation of the Bell inequality or provide a bound that rules out the possibility of a violation. Both bounds apply techniques from convex optimization and the methodology for creating upper bounds allows them to be systematically improved. Examples are given to illustrate how these algorithms can be used to conclude definitively if some quantum states violate a given Bell inequality.
The control of quantum correlations in solid-state systems by means of material engineering is a broad avenue to be explored, since it makes possible steps toward the limits of quantum mechanics and the design of novel materials with applications on emerging quantum technologies. In this context, this letter explores the potential of molecular magnets to be prototypes of materials for quantum information technology. More precisely, we engineered a material and from its geometric quantum discord we found significant quantum correlations up to 9540 K (even without entanglement); and, in addition, a pure singlet state occupied up to around 80 K (above liquid nitrogen temperature). These results could only be achieved due to the carboxylate group promoting a metal-to-metal huge magnetic interaction. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2016