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arXiv:0905.4910 · Optics Letters

Instant single-photon Fock state tomography

S. R. Huisman, Nitin Jain, S. A. Babichev, Frank Vewinger, A. N. Zhang, S. H. Youn, Alexander I. Lvovsky

Published Sep 9, 2009• 41 citations
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Abstract

Heralded single photons are prepared at a rate of approximately 100 kHz via conditional measurements on polarization-nondegenerate biphotons produced in a periodically poled potassium-titanyl phosphate crystal. The single-photon Fock state is characterized using high-frequency pulsed optical homodyne tomography with a fidelity of (57.6+/-0.1)%. The state preparation and detection rates allowed us to perform on-the-fly alignment of the apparatus based on real-time analysis of the quadrature measurement statistics.

DOI
10.1364/ol.34.002739

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Heralded single photons are prepared at a rate of approximately 100 kHz via conditional measurements on polarization-nondegenerate biphotons produced in a periodically poled potassium-titanyl phosphate crystal. The single-photon Fock state is characterized using high-frequency pulsed optical homodyne tomography with a fidelity of (57.6+/-0.1)%. The state preparation and detection rates allowed us to perform on-the-fly alignment of the apparatus based on real-time analysis of the quadrature measurement statistics.
We report the preparation of the single‐photon Fock state |1〉 by conditional measurements on the bi‐photon generated in a periodically poled KTP crystal. We employ time‐resolved homodyne detection to measure the quadrature fluctuations and characterize the single photon state with an overall efficiency of 53%. The photon production rate is over 9000 s−1, which is much higher than in previous experiment of the kind. Additionally, the experiment employs a new balanced detector whose bandwidth permits time‐resolved measurement at the repetition rate of the mode‐locked master laser, without the need for a pulse picker.
A single-photon Fock state has been generated by means of conditional preparation from a two-photon state emitted in the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. A recently developed high-frequency homodyne tomography technique has been used to completely characterize the Fock state by means of a pulse-to-pulse analysis of the detectors' difference photocurrent. The density matrix elements of the generated state have been retrieved with a final detection efficiency of about 57%. A comparison has been performed between the phase-averaged tomographic reconstructions of the Wigner function as obtained from the measured density-matrix elements and from a direct Abel transform of the homodyne data. The ability of our system to work at the full repetition rate of the pulsed laser (82MHz)(82\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz})(82MHz) substantially simplifies the detection scheme, allowing for more ``exotic'' quantum states to be generated and analyzed.
We report the implementation of a high-rate source of single- and two-photon states. By combining the advantages of short pulses and cavities, heralding rates as high as 200 kHz have been obtained for the single photons, as well as 250 Hz for the two-photon states. In this setup, homodyne measurements are conditioned by the heralding of the quantum states thanks to the introduction of a low-loss optical delay line in the heralded states path. This enables the detection of most of the heralded events, and fidelities reaching 68.5% (91% with correction for detection efficiency) and 50.4% (85% with correction) were obtained for the single- and two-photon states, respectively. Such high rates and fidelities in the generation of elementary Fock states may open the path for the production of complex quantum states.
We present the experimental approach to the determination of the Fock-States density matrix via the optical homodyne tomography. The single photon state is generated by Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC) in a nonlinear crystal pumped by the Second Harmonic of a picosecond dye laser. The fundamental frequency of the dye-laser realizes the local oscillator for the homodyne measurement. In this paper we describe the experimental apparatus and discuss the possibility to realize the quantum tomography of the single-photon state and, in the future, of the n-photon state. The experimental determination of the field state prepared in a coherent state with different mean photon numbers is also presented.
We have reconstructed the quantum state of optical pulses containing single photons using the method of phase-randomized pulsed optical homodyne tomography. The single-photon Fock state 1> was prepared using conditional measurements on photon pairs born in the process of parametric down-conversion. A probability distribution of the phase-averaged electric field amplitudes with a strongly non-Gaussian shape is obtained with the total detection efficiency of (55+/-1)%. The angle-averaged Wigner function reconstructed from this distribution shows a strong dip reaching classically impossible negative values around the origin of the phase space.