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arXiv:0905.4743 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Is spin-charge separation observable in a transport experiment?

Tobias Ulbricht, Peter Schmitteckert

Published Jun 1, 2009• 24 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We consider a one-dimensional chain consisting of an interacting area coupled to non-interacting leads. Within the area, interaction is mediated by a local on-site repulsion. Using real time evolution within the Density Matrix Renormalisation Group (DMRG) scheme, we study the dynamics of wave packets in this two-terminal transport setup. In contrast to previous works, where excitations were created by adding potentials to the Hamiltonian, we explicitly create left moving single particle excitations in the right lead as the starting condition. Our simulations show that such a transport setup allows for a clear detection of spin-charge separation using time-resolved spin-polarised density measurements.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/86/57006

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We consider a one-dimensional chain consisting of an interacting area coupled to non-interacting leads. Within the area, interaction is mediated by a local on-site repulsion. Using real time evolution within the Density Matrix Renormalisation Group (DMRG) scheme, we study the dynamics of wave packets in this two-terminal transport setup. In contrast to previous works, where excitations were created by adding potentials to the Hamiltonian, we explicitly create left moving single particle excitations in the right lead as the starting condition. Our simulations show that such a transport setup allows for a clear detection of spin-charge separation using time-resolved spin-polarised density measurements.
Using the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group, we study the time evolution of electronic wave packets in the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model with on-site and nearest-neighbor repulsion, UUU and VVV, respectively. As expected, the wave packets separate into spin-only and charge-only excitations (spin-charge separation). Charge and spin velocities exhibit nonmonotonic dependence on VVV. For small and intermediate values of VVV, both velocities increase with VVV. However, the charge velocity exhibits a stronger dependence than that of the spin, leading to a more pronounced spin-charge separation. Charge fractionalization, on the other hand, is weakly affected by VVV. The results are explained in terms of Luttinger liquid theory in the weak-coupling limit and an effective model in the strong-coupling regime.
Using the adaptive time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group method for the 1D Hubbard model, the splitting of local perturbations into separate wave packets carrying charge and spin is observed in real time. We show the robustness of this separation beyond the low-energy Luttinger liquid theory by studying the time evolution of single particle excitations and density wave packets. A striking signature of spin-charge separation is found in 1D cold Fermi gases in a harmonic trap at the boundary between liquid and Mott-insulating phases. We give quantitative estimates for an experimental observation of spin-charge separation in an array of atomic wires.
We show that one of the key characteristics of interacting one-dimensional electronic quantum systems, the separation of spin and charge, can be observed in a two-component system of bosonic ultracold atoms even close to a competing phase separation regime. To this purpose we determine the real-time evolution of a single particle excitation and the single particle spectral function using density-matrix renormalization group techniques. Due to efficient bosonic cooling and good tunability this setup exhibits very good conditions for observing this strong correlation effect. In anticipation of experimental realizations we calculate the velocities for spin and charge perturbations for a wide range of parameters.
Motivated by experimental developments introducing the concept of spin-orbit separation, we study the real-space real-time evolution of an excitonic wave packet using a two-orbital Hubbard model in a chain. The exciton is created by exciting an electron from a lower-energy half-filled orbital to a higher-energy empty orbital. We carry out the real-time dynamics of the resulting excitonic wave packet using the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group. We find clear evidence of charge-spin and spin-orbit separation in real space, by tracking the time evolution of local observables. We show that the velocity of the orbiton can be tuned varying the interorbital interactions. We also present a comparative study of the dynamics of a hole in one-orbital and two-orbital Hubbard models. Moreover, we analyze the dynamics of an exciton with spin-flip excitation, where we observe fractionalized spinons induced by Hund's interaction.
We investigate the spin or charge transport in a one-dimensional strongly correlated system by using the adaptive time-dependent density-matrix renormalization-group method. The model we consider is a non-half-filled Hubbard chain with a bond of controllable spin-dependent electron hoppings, which is found to cause a blockade of spin current with little influence on charge current. We have considered (1) the spread of a wave packet of both spin and charge and (2) the spin and charge currents induced by a spin-dependent voltage bias. It is found that the spin-charge separation plays a crucial role in the spin-current blockade, which may be utilized to observe the spin-charge separation directly.
In this paper, we address the role of electron-electron interactions on the velocities of spin and charge transport in one-dimensional systems typified by conjugated polymers. We employ the Hubbard model to model electron-electron interactions. The recently developed technique of time dependent Density Matrix Renormalization Group (tdDMRG) is used to follow the spin and charge evolution in an initial wavepacket described by a hole doped in the ground state of the neutral system. We find that the charge and spin velocities are different in the presence of correlations and are in accordance with results from earlier studies; the charge and spin move together in the noninteracting picture while interaction slows down only the spin velocity. We also note that dimerization of the chain only weakly affects these velocities.