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arXiv:0905.0644 · Physical Review A

Towards electron-electron entanglement in Penning traps

Lucas Lamata, Diego Porras, J. I. Cirac, J. Goldman, G. Gabrielse

Published Feb 4, 2010• 22 citations
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Abstract

Entanglement of isolated elementary particles other than photons has not yet been achieved. We show how building blocks demonstrated with one trapped electron might be used to make a model system and method for entangling two electrons. Applications are then considered, including two-qubit gates and more precise quantum metrology protocols.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.81.022301

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Entanglement of isolated elementary particles other than photons has not yet been achieved. We show how building blocks demonstrated with one trapped electron might be used to make a model system and method for entangling two electrons. Applications are then considered, including two-qubit gates and more precise quantum metrology protocols.
We propose a scheme for quantum-logic spectroscopy of an electron or positron in a Penning trap. An electron or positron in a spectroscopy trap is coupled to a remote logic electron or positron via a wire to achieve motional entanglement. By separating the two traps, one can significantly improve magnetic field homogeneity, microwave characteristics, and detection sensitivity. The proposed scheme will improve the measurement precision of the electron's and positron's magnetic moments and charge-to-mass ratios, enabling precise tests of the standard model of particle physics.
Quantum computers have the potential to solve problems far beyond the reach of classical computers by using the principles of superposition and entanglement. However, existing platforms face challenges such as short coherence times, interference from the environment, and difficulties in scaling up.Trapped electrons in a planar Penning trap offer a promising alternative. Unlike other qubits, electrons do not interact with nuclear spins, which helps maintain quantum states for much longer. Additionally, their strong confinement allows for fast and precise quantum operations. In our approach, electron spins serve as logical qubits, while their motional states are used for entanglement. Our setup consists of 2-dimensional array of micro-sized Penning traps fabricated on a ceramic chip, placed inside a 1T superconducting magnet and cooled in a dilution refrigerator to reach millikelvin temperatures. This extreme cooling reduces unwanted motion and makes it possible to entangle electron spins and perform quantum gates with high accuracy. At Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi, India, we are developing a prototype planar Penning trap. This new system offers a stable, scalable, and high-coherence platform for quantum computing.
Summary form only given. Entanglement - the property that particles can share a single quantum state - is arguably the most counterintuitive yet potentially most powerful element of quantum physics. Future quantum networks may harness the unique features of entanglement in a range of exciting applications, such as quantum computation and simulation, secure communication, enhanced metrology for astronomy and time-keeping as well as fundamental tests of nature. To fulfill these promises, a strong worldwide effort is ongoing to gain precise control over multi-particle nodes and to wire them up using quantum-photonic channels. Diamond spins associated with NV centers are promising building blocks for such a network as they combine a coherent electron-optical interface [1] (similar to that of trapped atomic qubits) with a local register of robust and well-controlled nuclear spin qubits [2]. Here I will introduce the field of quantum networks and present an overview of the latest progress, including the first loophole-free violation of Bell's inequalities [3,4] and the first primitive network experiments on a pair of spatially separated two-qubit nodes.
We investigate the generation of entanglement between the axial degrees of freedom of electrons confined in separated locations in planar Penning traps. We show that there are two different sources of entanglement: one is related with the mechanism of switching on and off the electrical coupling between the two electrons, and the other is due to the two-quanta-transition term of the coupling interaction. We show that the degree of entanglement can be controlled by adjusting the strength of the coupling between the traps and the time of interaction. We show that the coupled electrons behave as a temporal active interferometer.
At the University of Sussex we are building a coplanar-waveguide (CPW) Penning trap. This is a novel planar Penning trap, which results form the projection of the well-known cylindrical trap onto the surface of a chip [1]. The trap allows for the compensation of electrical anharmonicities up to the sixth order and permits the observation of a single trapped electron, a primary goal not yet achieved with planar Penning trap technology. The electron can be coupled to a distant superconducting coplanar-waveguide resonator, such as those used in circuit-QED with artificial two level systems. The cyclotron motion interacts coherently with the microwave resonator, implementing a system of two coupled quantum harmonic oscillators and with applications in quantum metrology and quantum computation. In the poster, we report on recent experimental progress in the construction of a cryogenic CPW- Penning trap.