Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:0904.3454 · Physical Review Letters

Few-Photon Model of the Optical Emission of Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Marten Richter, Alexander Carmele, Anna Sitek, Andreas Knorr

Published Aug 21, 2009• 47 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The Jaynes-Cummings model provides a well established theoretical framework for single electron two level systems in a radiation field. Similar exactly solvable models for semiconductor light emitters such as quantum dots dominated by many particle interactions are not known. We access these systems by a generalized cluster expansion, the photon-probability cluster expansion: a reliable approach for few-photon dynamics in many body electron systems. As a first application, we discuss vacuum Rabi oscillations and show that their amplitude determines the number of electrons in the quantum dot.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.103.087407

Related papers

Theory of few photon dynamics in light emitting quantum dot devices

Alexander Carmele, Marten Richter, Anna Sitek +2 more

We present a modified cluster expansion to describe single‐photon emitters in a semiconductor environment. We calculate microscopically to what extent semiconductor features in quantum dot‐wetting layer systems alter the exciton and photon dynamics in comparison to the atom‐like emission dynamics. We access these systems by the photon‐probability‐cluster‐expansion: a reliable approach for few photon dynamics in many body electron systems. As a first application, we show that the amplitude of vacuum Rabi flops determines the number of electrons in the quantum dot.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations

Quantum optics in a semiconductor quantum dot

Alexander Carmele, Julia Kabuß, Marten Richter +2 more

A many-body theory for quantum optics in a semiconductor quantum dot strongly coupled to cavity field and phonon bath is presented. We discuss the slow convergence of the typical cluster expansion and present an exactly solvable model for the combined electron, photon and phonon dynamics.

Journal of Modern Optics•Jul 14, 2011•1 citation

Microscopic theory of squeezed-light emission in strong-coupling semiconductor quantum-dot systems

L. Schneebeli, M. Kira, S. W. Koch

Resonance fluorescence equations are derived and solved for strong-coupling semiconductor quantum-dot systems using a fully quantized multimode theory and a cluster-expansion approach. A reduced model is developed to explain the origin of autocorrelation and cross-correlation resonances in the two-photon emission spectrum of the fluorescent light. These resonances are traced back to the two-photon strong-coupling states of Jaynes-Cummings ladder. The accuracy of the reduced model is verified via numerical solution of the resonance fluorescence equations. The analysis reveals the direct relation between the squeezed-light emission and the strong-coupling states in optically excited semiconductor systems.

Physical Review A•Sep 28, 2009•5 citations

Semiconductor Quantum Dot–Microcavities for Quantum Optics in Solid State

Stephan Reitzenstein

In this paper, exciting progress of quantum optics in solid state is reviewed. The focus is on semiconductor microcavities with self-assembled quantum dots embedded in the active layer. Due to enormous progress in semiconductor nanotechnology, such photonic structures have become a model system for the study of quantum optics on a scalable and integrable technology platform with high potential for future applications in quantum information technology. Quantum optical phenomena have become accessible due to 3-D confinement of light and matter on the length scale of their wavelength in state-of-the-art semiconductor micro- and nanostructures. This confinement leads to a quantization of the associated photonic and electronic energy levels and requires a quantum mechanical description of the system in the framework of cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). This approach considers the dipole interaction between two-level quantum emitters and discrete photonic states of a microcavity. Within the well-known Jaynes-Cummings model, the dipole interaction is described in terms of a coherent exchange of energy between the emitter and the resonator mode. This coherent interaction in the so-called strong coupling regime of cQED is reflected in a normal mode splitting, the vacuum Rabi splitting, of the involved modes and represents a central feature of quantum optics in solid state. Another important example of quantum optics in semiconductor nanostructures is the generation of nonclassical light in specific quantum devices. Of particular interest is the realization of Fock states which represent states containing a well-defined number of photons. Single-photon sources, for instance, allow for the generation of single photons on demand, which is highly desirable for quantum communication systems. In this context, this review paper will present recent experimental studies of quantum optics in solid state. This paper is meant for readers who would like to become familiar with this topic and for experts being interested in the progress in this field. It will cover a broad range of studies ranging from examples of fundamental light-matter interaction in the quantum limit to devices capable of emitting single photons and entangled photon pairs on demand.

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics•Apr 20, 2012•40 citations

Microscopic approach to the quantized light-matter interaction in semiconductor nanostructures: Complex coupled dynamics of excitons, biexcitons, and photons

Hendrik Rose, Stefan Schumacher, Torsten Meier

We present a microscopic and fully quantized model to investigate the interaction between semiconductor nanostructures and quantum light fields including the many-body Coloumb interaction between photoexcited electrons and holes. Our approach describes the coupled dynamics of the quantum light field and single and double electron-hole pairs, i.e., excitons and biexcitons, and exactly accounts for Coulomb many-body correlations and carrier band dispersions. Using a straightforward yet exact approach, we study a one-dimensional two-band system interacting with a single-mode, two-photon quantum state within a Tavis-Cummings framework. By employing an exact coherent factorization scheme, the computational complexity is reduced significantly enabling numerical simulations. We also derive a simplified model that includes only the bound $1s$-exciton and biexciton states for comparison. Our simulations reveal distinct single- and two-photon Rabi oscillations, corresponding to photon-exciton and exciton-biexciton transitions. We demonstrate, in particular, that biexciton continuum states significantly modify the dynamics in a way that cannot be captured by simplified models that consider only bound states. Our findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive microscopic modeling in order to accurately describe quantum optical phenomena of interacting electronic many-body systems.

arXiv:2506.22220•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Dec 1, 2025•0 citations

Sequential build-up of quantum-optical correlations

Martin Mootz, M. Kira, S. W. Koch

The build-up dynamics of quantum-optical correlations in a Jaynes–Cummings model for semiconductor quantum-dot systems is characterized using the cluster-expansion scheme. Assuming an excitation with a coherent state source under strong- and weak-coupling conditions, it is found that higher-order correlations are sequentially generated. Even though the influence of dephasing hinders their development, significant correlations build up even in the presence of strong dissipation showing that quantum-spectroscopy studies are possible even in interacting many-body systems like semiconductors.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Jan 25, 2012•9 citations
The Jaynes-Cummings model provides a well established theoretical framework for single electron two level systems in a radiation field. Similar exactly solvable models for semiconductor light emitters such as quantum dots dominated by many particle interactions are not known. We access these systems by a generalized cluster expansion, the photon-probability cluster expansion: a reliable approach for few-photon dynamics in many body electron systems. As a first application, we discuss vacuum Rabi oscillations and show that their amplitude determines the number of electrons in the quantum dot.
We present a modified cluster expansion to describe single‐photon emitters in a semiconductor environment. We calculate microscopically to what extent semiconductor features in quantum dot‐wetting layer systems alter the exciton and photon dynamics in comparison to the atom‐like emission dynamics. We access these systems by the photon‐probability‐cluster‐expansion: a reliable approach for few photon dynamics in many body electron systems. As a first application, we show that the amplitude of vacuum Rabi flops determines the number of electrons in the quantum dot.
Resonance fluorescence equations are derived and solved for strong-coupling semiconductor quantum-dot systems using a fully quantized multimode theory and a cluster-expansion approach. A reduced model is developed to explain the origin of autocorrelation and cross-correlation resonances in the two-photon emission spectrum of the fluorescent light. These resonances are traced back to the two-photon strong-coupling states of Jaynes-Cummings ladder. The accuracy of the reduced model is verified via numerical solution of the resonance fluorescence equations. The analysis reveals the direct relation between the squeezed-light emission and the strong-coupling states in optically excited semiconductor systems.
In this paper, exciting progress of quantum optics in solid state is reviewed. The focus is on semiconductor microcavities with self-assembled quantum dots embedded in the active layer. Due to enormous progress in semiconductor nanotechnology, such photonic structures have become a model system for the study of quantum optics on a scalable and integrable technology platform with high potential for future applications in quantum information technology. Quantum optical phenomena have become accessible due to 3-D confinement of light and matter on the length scale of their wavelength in state-of-the-art semiconductor micro- and nanostructures. This confinement leads to a quantization of the associated photonic and electronic energy levels and requires a quantum mechanical description of the system in the framework of cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). This approach considers the dipole interaction between two-level quantum emitters and discrete photonic states of a microcavity. Within the well-known Jaynes-Cummings model, the dipole interaction is described in terms of a coherent exchange of energy between the emitter and the resonator mode. This coherent interaction in the so-called strong coupling regime of cQED is reflected in a normal mode splitting, the vacuum Rabi splitting, of the involved modes and represents a central feature of quantum optics in solid state. Another important example of quantum optics in semiconductor nanostructures is the generation of nonclassical light in specific quantum devices. Of particular interest is the realization of Fock states which represent states containing a well-defined number of photons. Single-photon sources, for instance, allow for the generation of single photons on demand, which is highly desirable for quantum communication systems. In this context, this review paper will present recent experimental studies of quantum optics in solid state. This paper is meant for readers who would like to become familiar with this topic and for experts being interested in the progress in this field. It will cover a broad range of studies ranging from examples of fundamental light-matter interaction in the quantum limit to devices capable of emitting single photons and entangled photon pairs on demand.
We present a microscopic and fully quantized model to investigate the interaction between semiconductor nanostructures and quantum light fields including the many-body Coloumb interaction between photoexcited electrons and holes. Our approach describes the coupled dynamics of the quantum light field and single and double electron-hole pairs, i.e., excitons and biexcitons, and exactly accounts for Coulomb many-body correlations and carrier band dispersions. Using a straightforward yet exact approach, we study a one-dimensional two-band system interacting with a single-mode, two-photon quantum state within a Tavis-Cummings framework. By employing an exact coherent factorization scheme, the computational complexity is reduced significantly enabling numerical simulations. We also derive a simplified model that includes only the bound 1s1s1s-exciton and biexciton states for comparison. Our simulations reveal distinct single- and two-photon Rabi oscillations, corresponding to photon-exciton and exciton-biexciton transitions. We demonstrate, in particular, that biexciton continuum states significantly modify the dynamics in a way that cannot be captured by simplified models that consider only bound states. Our findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive microscopic modeling in order to accurately describe quantum optical phenomena of interacting electronic many-body systems.
The build-up dynamics of quantum-optical correlations in a Jaynes–Cummings model for semiconductor quantum-dot systems is characterized using the cluster-expansion scheme. Assuming an excitation with a coherent state source under strong- and weak-coupling conditions, it is found that higher-order correlations are sequentially generated. Even though the influence of dephasing hinders their development, significant correlations build up even in the presence of strong dissipation showing that quantum-spectroscopy studies are possible even in interacting many-body systems like semiconductors.