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arXiv:0904.2269 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Unified description of pairing, trionic and quarteting states for one-dimensional SU(4) attractive fermions

X. W. Guan, Murray T. Batchelor, Chaohong Lee, J. Y. Lee

Published Jun 1, 2009• 21 citations
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Abstract

Paired states, trions and quarteting states in one-dimensional SU (4) attractive fermions are investigated via exact Bethe ansatz calculations. In particular, quantum phase transitions are identified and calculated from the quarteting phase into normal Fermi liquid, trionic states and spin-2 paired states which belong to the universality class of linear field-dependent magnetization in the vicinity of critical points. Moreover, unified exact results for the ground-state energy, chemical potentials and complete phase diagrams for isospin S =1/2, 1, 3/2 attractive fermions with external fields are presented. Also identified are the magnetization plateaux of m z = M s /3 and m z =2 M s /3, where M s is the magnetization saturation value. The universality of finite-size corrections and collective dispersion relations provides a further test ground for low-energy effective field theory.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/86/50003

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We investigate trions, paired states and quantum phase transitions in one-dimensional SU(3) attractive fermions in external fields by means of the Bethe ansatz formalism. Analytical results for the ground state energy, critical fields and complete phase diagrams are obtained for the weak coupling regime. Higher-order corrections for these physical quantities are presented in the strong attractive regime. Numerical solutions of the dressed energy equations allow us to examine how the different phase boundaries are modified by varying the intercomponent coupling throughout the whole attractive regime. The pure trionic phase existing in the strong coupling regime decreases smoothly with a decrease in this coupling, until the weak limit is reached. In this weak regime, a pure Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS)-like paired phase can be sustained under certain nonlinear Zeeman splittings.
We investigate the nature of trions, pairing, and quantum phase transitions in one-dimensional strongly attractive three-component ultracold fermions in external fields. Exact results for the ground-state energy, critical fields, magnetization and phase diagrams are obtained analytically from the Bethe ansatz solutions. Driven by Zeeman splitting, the system shows exotic phases of trions, bound pairs, a normal Fermi liquid, and four mixtures of these states. Particularly, a smooth phase transition from a trionic phase into a pairing phase occurs as the highest hyperfine level separates from the two lower energy levels. In contrast, there is a smooth phase transition from the trionic phase into a normal Fermi liquid as the lowest level separates from the two higher levels.
We investigate trions, paired states and quantum phase transitions in one-dimensional SU(3) attractive fermions in external fields by means of the Bethe ansatz formalism. Analytical results for the ground state energy, critical fields and complete phase diagrams are obtained for the weak coupling regime. Higher-order corrections for these physical quantities are presented in the strong attractive regime. Numerical solutions of the dressed energy equations allow us to examine how the different phase boundaries are modified by varying the inter-component coupling throughout the whole attractive regime. The pure trionic phase existing in the strong coupling regime decreases smoothly with a decrease in this coupling, until the weak limit is reached. In this weak regime, a pure Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS)-like paired phase can be sustained under certain nonlinear Zeeman splittings.
An extensive investigation is given for magnetic properties and phase transitions in one-dimensional (1D) Bethe ansatz integrable spin-1/2 attractive fermions with polarization by means of the dressed energy formalism. An iteration method is presented to derive higher order corrections for the ground-state energy, critical fields and magnetic properties. Numerical solutions of the dressed energy equations confirm that the analytic expressions for these physical quantities and resulting phase diagrams are highly accurate in the weak and strong coupling regimes, capturing the precise nature of magnetic effects and quantum phase transitions in 1D interacting fermions with population imbalance. Moreover, it is shown that the universality class of linear fielddependent behaviour of the magnetization holds throughout the whole attractive regime.
Ultracold three-component atomic Fermi gases in one dimension are expected to exhibit rich physics due to the presence of trions and different pairing states. Quantum phase transitions from the trion state into a paired phase and a normal Fermi liquid occur at zero temperature. We derive the analytical thermodynamics of strongly attractive three-component one-dimensional fermions with SU(3) symmetry via the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz method in unequal Zeeman splitting fields H1{H}_{1}H1​ and H2{H}_{2}H2​. We find explicitly that for low temperature the system acts like either a two-component or a three-component Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid dependent on the system parameters. The phase diagrams for the chemical potential and specific heat are presented for illustrative values of the Zeeman splitting. We also demonstrate that crossover between different Tomonaga-Luttinger-liquid phases exhibit singular behavior in specific heat and entropy as the temperature tends to zero. Beyond Tomonaga-Luttinger-liquid physics, we obtain the equation of state which provides a precise description of universal thermodynamics and quantum criticality in three-component, strongly attractive Fermi gases.
An extensive investigation is given for magnetic properties and phase transitions in one-dimensional (1D) Bethe ansatz integrable spin-1/2 attractive fermions with polarization by means of the dressed energy formalism. An iteration method is presented to derive higher order corrections for the ground-state energy, critical fields and magnetic properties. Numerical solutions of the dressed energy equations confirm that the analytic expressions for these physical quantities and resulting phase diagrams are highly accurate in the weak and strong coupling regimes, capturing the precise nature of magnetic effects and quantum phase transitions in 1D interacting fermions with population imbalance. Moreover, it is shown that the universality class of linear field-dependent behaviour of the magnetization holds throughout the whole attractive regime.