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arXiv:0903.5026

The Bimodal Ising Spin Glass in dimension three : Corrections to scaling

Koji Hukushima, Ian A. Campbell

Published Mar 29, 2009• 0 citations
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Abstract

Equilibrium numerical data on the three dimensional bimodal interaction Ising spin glass up to size L=48 show that corrections to scaling, which are known to be strong, behave in a non-monotonic manner with size. Extrapolation to the infinite size thermodynamic limit is difficult; however the large L data indicate that the ordering temperature Tc lies significantly higher than the values which have been estimated from previous numerical work limited to smaller sizes. In view of the present results it is at the least premature to conclude that the three dimensional bimodal and Gaussian Ising spin glasses lie in the same universality class.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0903.5026

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Equilibrium numerical data on the three dimensional bimodal interaction Ising spin glass up to size L=48 show that corrections to scaling, which are known to be strong, behave in a non-monotonic manner with size. Extrapolation to the infinite size thermodynamic limit is difficult; however the large L data indicate that the ordering temperature Tc lies significantly higher than the values which have been estimated from previous numerical work limited to smaller sizes. In view of the present results it is at the least premature to conclude that the three dimensional bimodal and Gaussian Ising spin glasses lie in the same universality class.
Extensive simulations are made on Ising Spin Glasses (ISG) with Gaussian, Laplacian and bimodal interaction distributions in dimension four. Standard finite size scaling analyses near and at criticality provide estimates of the critical inverse temperatures βcβ_cβc​, critical exponents, and critical values of a number of dimensionless parameters. Independent estimates are obtained for βcβ_cβc​ and the exponent ννν from thermodynamic derivative peak data. A detailed explanation is given of scaling in the thermodynamic limit with the ISG scaling variable τ=1−β2/βc2τ= 1-β^2/β_c^2τ=1−β2/βc2​ and the appropriate scaling expressions. Data over the entire paramagnetic range of temperatures are analysed in order to obtain further estimates of the critical exponents together with correction to scaling terms. The Privman-Fisher ansatz then leads to compact scaling expressions for the whole paramagnetic regime and for all sample sizes L. Comparisons between the 4d ISG models show that the critical dimensionless parameters characteristic of a universality class, and the susceptibility and correlation length critical exponents γγγ and ννν, depend on the form of the interaction distribution. From these observations it can be deduced that critical exponents are not universal in ISGs, at least in dimension four.
Ising spin-glass models with bimodal, Gaussian, uniform, and Laplacian interaction distributions in dimension five are studied through detailed numerical simulations. The data are analyzed in both the finite-size scaling regime and the thermodynamic limit regime. It is shown that the values of critical exponents and of dimensionless observables at criticality are model dependent. Models in a single universality class have identical values for each of these critical parameters, so Ising spin-glass models in dimension five with different interaction distributions each lie in different universality classes. This result confirms conclusions drawn from measurements in dimension four and dimension two.
An analysis is given of numerical simulation data to size L=128 on the archetype square lattice Ising spin glasses (ISGs) with bimodal (±J) and Gaussian interaction distributions. It is well established that the ordering temperature of both models is zero. The Gaussian model has a nondegenerate ground state and thus a critical exponent η≡0, and a continuous distribution of energy levels. For the bimodal model, above a size-dependent crossover temperature T(*)(L) there is a regime of effectively continuous energy levels; below T(*)(L) there is a distinct regime dominated by the highly degenerate ground state plus an energy gap to the excited states. T(*)(L) tends to zero at very large L, leaving only the effectively continuous regime in the thermodynamic limit. The simulation data on both models are analyzed with the conventional scaling variable t=T and with a scaling variable τ(b)=T(2)/(1+T(2)) suitable for zero-temperature transition ISGs, together with appropriate scaling expressions. The data for the temperature dependence of the reduced susceptibility χ(τ(b),L) and second moment correlation length ξ(τ(b),L) in the thermodynamic limit regime are extrapolated to the τ(b)=0 critical limit. The Gaussian critical exponent estimates from the simulations, η=0 and ν=3.55(5), are in full agreement with the well-established values in the literature. The bimodal critical exponents, estimated from the thermodynamic limit regime analyses using the same extrapolation protocols as for the Gaussian model, are η=0.20(2) and ν=4.8(3), distinctly different from the Gaussian critical exponents.
Direct measurements of the spin glass correlation function G(R)G(R)G(R) for Gaussian and bimodal Ising spin glasses in dimension two have been carried out in the temperature region $T\ensuremath{\sim}1$. In the Gaussian case the data are consistent with the known anomalous dimension value $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\equiv}0$. For the bimodal spin glass in this temperature region T>T∗(L)T>{T}^{*}(L)T>T∗(L), well above the crossover T∗(L){T}^{*}(L)T∗(L) to the ground-state-dominated regime, the effective exponent $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is clearly nonzero and the data are consistent with the estimate $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\sim}0.28(4)$ given by McMillan in 1983 from similar measurements. Measurements of the temperature dependence of the Binder cumulant U4(T,L){U}_{4}(T,L)U4​(T,L) and the normalized correlation length $\ensuremath{\xi}(T,L)/L$ for the two models confirms the conclusion that the two-dimensional (2D) bimodal model has a nonzero effective $\ensuremath{\eta}$ both below and above T∗(L){T}^{*}(L)T∗(L). The 2D bimodal and Gaussian interaction distribution Ising spin glasses are not in the same universality class.
The critical behavior of the Binder cumulant for Ising spin glasses in dimension four is studied through simulation measurements. Data for the bimodal interaction model are compared with those for the Laplacian interaction model. Special attention is paid to scaling corrections. The limiting infinite size value at criticality for this dimensionless variable is a parameter characteristic of a universality class. This critical limit is estimated to be equal to 0.523(3) in the bimodal model and to 0.473(3) in the Laplacian model.
We compare simulation data from different sources on two canonical three-dimensional Ising spin glasses (ISGs): the binomial $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J$ near-neighbor interaction ISG and the Gaussian interaction ISG. We allow for the possibility of corrections to finite size scaling and estimate the correction exponent w. Consistent estimates for the critical temperatures Tg{T}_{g}Tg​ and for the critical exponents for each system are obtained. The data strongly indicate that critical exponents in the two systems are significantly different from each other. These results thus confirm a breakdown of standard universality rules in Ising spin glasses.