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arXiv:0903.4761 · Physical Review E

Spin chains of Haldane-Shastry type and a generalized central limit theorem

Alberto Enciso B, Federico Finkel, Artemio González-López

Published Jun 19, 2009• 8 citations
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Abstract

We show that the density of energy levels of a wide class of finite-dimensional quantum systems tends to a Gaussian distribution as the number of degrees of freedom increases. Our result is based on a variant of the central limit theorem which is especially suited to models whose partition function is explicitly known. In particular, we provide a theoretical explanation of the fact that the level density of several spin chains of Haldane-Shastry type is asymptotically Gaussian when the number of sites tends to infinity.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.79.060105

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We show that the density of energy levels of a wide class of finite-dimensional quantum systems tends to a Gaussian distribution as the number of degrees of freedom increases. Our result is based on a variant of the central limit theorem which is especially suited to models whose partition function is explicitly known. In particular, we provide a theoretical explanation of the fact that the level density of several spin chains of Haldane-Shastry type is asymptotically Gaussian when the number of sites tends to infinity.
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We derive an exact expression for the partition function of the su(m)\mathrm{su}(m)su(m) Haldane-Shastry spin chain, which we use to study the density of levels and the distribution of the spacing between consecutive levels. Our computations show that when the number of sites NNN is large enough, the level density is Gaussian to a very high degree of approximation. More surprisingly, we also find that the nearest-neighbor spacing distribution is not Poissonian, so that this model departs from the typical behavior for an integrable system. We show that the cumulative spacing distribution of the model can be well approximated by a simple functional law involving only three parameters.
Abstract We introduce a class of generalized Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick (gLMG) models with s u ( m ) interactions of Haldane–Shastry type. We compute the partition function of these models in closed form by exactly evaluating the partition function of the restriction of a spin chain Hamiltonian of Haldane–Shastry type to subspaces with well-defined magnon numbers. As a byproduct of our analysis, we obtain strong numerical evidence of the Gaussian character of the level density of the latter restricted Hamiltonians, and study the distribution of the spacings of consecutive unfolded levels. We also discuss the thermodynamic behavior of a large family of s u ( 2 ) and s u ( 3 ) gLMG models, showing that it is qualitatively similar to that of a two-level system.
We compute the partition function of the su(m)\text{su}(m)su(m) Polychronakos-Frahm spin chain of BCNB{C}_{N}BCN​ type by means of the freezing trick. We use this partition function to study several statistical properties of the spectrum, which turn out to be analogous to those of other spin chains of Haldane--Shastry type. In particular, we find that when the number of particles is sufficiently large the level density follows a Gaussian distribution with great accuracy. We also show that the distribution of (normalized) spacings between consecutive levels is of neither Poisson nor Wigner type but is qualitatively similar to that of the original Haldane--Shastry spin chain. This suggests that spin chains of Haldane--Shastry type are exceptional integrable models since they do not satisfy a well-known conjecture of Berry and Tabor, according to which the spacings distribution of a generic integrable system should be Poissonian. We derive a simple analytic expression for the cumulative spacings distribution of the BCNB{C}_{N}BCN​-type Polychronakos-Frahm chain using only a few essential properties of its spectrum such as the Gaussian character of the level density and the fact that the energy levels are equally spaced. This expression is shown to be in excellent agreement with the numerical data.