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arXiv:0903.3530 · Physical Review A

Lifetime of angular momentum in a rotating strongly interacting Fermi gas

S. Riedl, Edmundo R. Sánchez Guajardo, Christoph Kohstall, Johannes Hecker Denschlag, Rudolf Grimm

Published May 15, 2009• 11 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the lifetime of angular momentum in an ultracold strongly interacting Fermi gas, confined in a trap with controllable ellipticity. To determine the angular momentum we measure the precession of the radial quadrupole mode. We find that in the vicinity of a Feshbach resonance, the deeply hydrodynamic behavior in the normal phase leads to a very long lifetime of the angular momentum. Furthermore, we examine the dependence of the decay rate of the angular momentum on the ellipticity of the trapping potential and the interaction strength. The results are in general agreement with the theoretically expected behavior for a Boltzmann gas.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.79.053628

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We investigate the lifetime of angular momentum in an ultracold strongly interacting Fermi gas, confined in a trap with controllable ellipticity. To determine the angular momentum we measure the precession of the radial quadrupole mode. We find that in the vicinity of a Feshbach resonance, the deeply hydrodynamic behavior in the normal phase leads to a very long lifetime of the angular momentum. Furthermore, we examine the dependence of the decay rate of the angular momentum on the ellipticity of the trapping potential and the interaction strength. The results are in general agreement with the theoretically expected behavior for a Boltzmann gas.
We study the hydrodynamic expansion of a rotating strongly interacting Fermi gas by releasing a cigar-shaped cloud with a known angular momentum from an optical trap. As the aspect ratio of the expanding cloud approaches unity, the angular velocity increases, indicating quenching of the moment of inertia I to as low as 0.05 of the rigid body value I(rig). Remarkably, we observe this behavior in both the superfluid and collisional normal fluid regimes, which obey nearly identical zero-viscosity irrotational hydrodynamics. We attribute irrotational flow in the normal fluid to a decay of the rotational part of the stream velocity during expansion, which occurs when the shear viscosity is negligible. Using conservation of angular momentum, we directly observe a fundamental result of irrotational hydrodynamics, I/I(rig) = delta2, where delta is the deformation parameter of the cloud.
The dynamic behavior of a Fermi gas confined in a deformed trap rotating at low angular velocity is investigated in the framework of hydrodynamic theory. The differences exhibited by a normal gas in the collisional regime and a superfluid are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the collective oscillations excited when the deformation of the rotating trap is suddenly removed or when the rotation is suddenly stopped. The presence of vorticity in the normal phase is shown to give rise to precession and beating phenomena which are absent in the superfluid phase.
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We report on measurements of an elementary surface mode in an ultracold, strongly interacting Fermi gas of 6Li^{6}\mathrm{Li}6Li atoms. The radial quadrupole mode allows us to probe hydrodynamic behavior in the crossover from Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) regime without being influenced by changes in the equation of state. We examine the frequency and damping of this mode, along with its expansion dynamics. In the unitarity limit and on the BEC side of the resonance, the observed frequencies agree with standard hydrodynamic theory. However, on the BCS side of the crossover, a striking downshift of the oscillation frequency is observed in the hydrodynamic regime as a precursor to an abrupt transition to collisionless behavior; this indicates coupling of the oscillation to fermionic pairs.
We measure the magnetic-field dependence of the frequency and damping time for the radial breathing mode of an optically trapped Fermi gas of 6Li^{6}\mathrm{Li}6Li atoms near a Feshbach resonance. The measurements address the apparent discrepancy between the results of Kinast et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 150402 (2004)] and those of Bartenstein et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 203201 (2004)]. Over the range of magnetic field from 770to910G770\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.5em}{0ex}}910\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}770to910G, the measurements confirm the results of Kinast et al. Close to resonance, the measured frequencies are in excellent agreement with predictions for a unitary hydrodynamic gas. At a field of 925G925\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}925G, the measured frequency begins to decrease below predictions. For fields near 1080G1080\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}1080G, we observe a breakdown of hydrodynamic behavior, which is manifested by a sharp increase in frequency and damping rate. The observed breakdown is in qualitative agreement with the sharp transition observed by Bartenstein et al. at 910G910\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}910G.