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arXiv:0903.3374

Study of Quantum Decoherence in a Finite System -- Three Schroedinger Cats and Crossing of Classical Orbits

Takuji Ishikawa

Published Mar 19, 2009• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Nuclei are rather classical systems in a sense. In the old days, their phenomena were roughly explained in classical rules such as the liquid drop model. This fact may be understood that when we see an finite quantum many body system like nucleus, though which is a group of quantum mechanical particles, its any collective degree of freedom has any classicality. Getting a classicality does not depend on spatial scales of objects. It is made by a phenomenon called Quantum Decoherence. We have studied about Quantum Decoherence in a finite system as nucleus. In this paper, at the harmonic three body problem (3 Schroedinger cats), it is shown that one degree of freedom as a sub-system would get classicality because of the other two degrees of freedom. Therefore we can assume that a nuclear collective degree of freedom would get classicality when it couples with any other internal degrees of freedom. In this paper, we also note that there is some relationship between the Quantum Decoherence and Crossing of classical orbits in 3 Schroedinger cats model.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0903.3374

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Nuclei are rather classical systems in a sense. In the old days, their phenomena were roughly explained in classical rules such as the liquid drop model. This fact may be understood that when we see an finite quantum many body system like nucleus, though which is a group of quantum mechanical particles, its any collective degree of freedom has any classicality. Getting a classicality does not depend on spatial scales of objects. It is made by a phenomenon called Quantum Decoherence. We have studied about Quantum Decoherence in a finite system as nucleus. In this paper, at the harmonic three body problem (3 Schroedinger cats), it is shown that one degree of freedom as a sub-system would get classicality because of the other two degrees of freedom. Therefore we can assume that a nuclear collective degree of freedom would get classicality when it couples with any other internal degrees of freedom. In this paper, we also note that there is some relationship between the Quantum Decoherence and Crossing of classical orbits in 3 Schroedinger cats model.
Atomic nuclei are complex, quantum many-body systems whose structure manifests itself through intrinsic quantum states associated with different excitation modes or degrees of freedom.Collective modes (vibration and/or rotation) dominate at low energy (near the ground-state).The associated states are usually employed, within a truncated model space, as a basis in (coherent) coupled channels approaches to low-energy reaction dynamics.However, excluded non-collective states can be essential, and their effects on the open (nuclear) system dynamics are usually treated through complex potentials.Is this a complete description of open system dynamics?Does it include effects of quantum decoherence?Can decoherence be manifested in reaction observables?This paper discusses these issues and the main ideas of a coupled-channels density-matrix approach that makes it possible to quantify the role and importance of quantum decoherence in low-energy nuclear reaction dynamics.Some topical applications are highlighted.
The symmetric collective states of an atomic spin ensemble (i.e., many-body states that are invariant under particle exchange) are not preserved by decoherence that acts identically but individually on members of the ensemble. We develop a class of collective states in an ensemble of N spin-1/2 particles that is invariant under symmetric local decoherence and find that the dimension of the Hilbert space spanned by these collective states scales only as N^2. We then investigate the open system dynamics of experimentally relevant non-classical collective atomic states, including Schroedinger cat and spin squeezed states, subject to various symmetric but local decoherence models.
Abstract Since the beginning of quantum physics, the relation between the properties of the microscopic quantum and the macroscopic classical world has been an important source for the development of the theory, and has led to new insights on the role of the environment in the transition from quantum to classical physics. Decoherence affects both coherence and entanglement of open systems. Quantum optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics have allowed detailed investigations of this phenomenon, within the framework of microwaves and light waves. In this paper, I present a personal account of theoretical and experimental developments that have led to the probing of the subtle frontier between quantum and classical phenomena.
Although many quantum mechanics problems of a point particle have been well understood, the realistic physical model is often a composite object consisting of particles bound together, and its quantum mechanics is an important problem with applications in many areas of physics. Unlike a point particle, a composite object possesses internal structure described by some degrees of freedom which are often entangled with each other. We call the entanglement among these degrees of freedom ``internal entanglement'', to distinguish it from any other entanglement they may share with an external object. Examples of internal entanglement include the entanglement between a vibrational and a rotational mode of a molecule, and that between its position and its internal clock-state etc. In this thesis, we study quantum mechanics of composite objects by focusing on the effects of internal entanglement. We first look at the tunnelling of a diatomic molecule type composite object through a half-silvered mirror in continuum space and observe that its spatial superposition state made by the mirror can decohere by emission of radiation due to the fact that its internal degrees of freedom are entangled with radiation fields, and that there exists entanglement between its position and its internal (i.e., relative position) degrees of freedom. Secondly, we study its lattice analog in molecular crystals, namely we replace the diatomic molecule by a biexicton, and the mirror by an impurity. We find that discreteness of a lattice makes the wave vector of a biexicton and the relative distance between two excitons of it entangled with each other. We investigate how this inseparability affects the creation of the biexciton-impurity bound states and the entanglement dynamics. Finally we propose a possible application of our study of internal entanglement to the Anderson model of a composite quasiparticle.
This study was started to know mysterious classicality of nuclei. Using three particles model without external environments, it is found that decisions of respective state of three particles by decoherence are not simultaneous. Furthermore, in this model, wave function of total three body system collapses spontaneously without any external environments. Therefore we may able to insist that a wavefunction of our universe has already collapsed spontaneously without any external observer, because of the same mechanism with this model.