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arXiv:0903.2764 · Physical Review Letters

Capacities of Lossy Bosonic Memory Channels

Cosmo Lupo, Vittorio Giovannetti, Stefano Mancini

Published Jan 20, 2010• 41 citations
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Abstract

We introduce a general model describing correlated noise effects in quantum optical communication via attenuating media. The memory effects account for the environment finite relaxation times, which are unavoidable in any realistic model. The use of a proper set of collective field variables allows us to unravel the memory, showing that the n-fold concatenation of the memory channel is unitarily equivalent to the direct product of n single-mode lossy bosonic channels. We then compute the ultimate (classical and quantum) transmission rates, showing their enhancement with respect to the memoryless case and proving that coherent state encoding is optimal.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.104.030501

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We introduce a general model describing correlated noise effects in quantum optical communication via attenuating media. The memory effects account for the environment finite relaxation times, which are unavoidable in any realistic model. The use of a proper set of collective field variables allows us to unravel the memory, showing that the n-fold concatenation of the memory channel is unitarily equivalent to the direct product of n single-mode lossy bosonic channels. We then compute the ultimate (classical and quantum) transmission rates, showing their enhancement with respect to the memoryless case and proving that coherent state encoding is optimal.
With increasing communication rates via quantum channels, memory effects become unavoidable whenever the use rate of the channel is comparable to the typical relaxation time of the channel environment. We introduce a model of a bosonic memory channel, describing correlated noise effects in quantum-optical processes via attenuating or amplifying media. To study such a channel model, we make use of a proper set of collective field variables, which allows us to unravel the memory effects, mapping the nnn-fold concatenation of the memory channel to a unitarily equivalent, direct product of nnn single-mode bosonic channels. We hence estimate the channel capacities by relying on known results for the memoryless setting. Our findings show that the model is characterized by two different regimes, in which the cross correlations induced by the noise among different channel uses are either exponentially enhanced or exponentially reduced.
We evaluate the information capacities of a lossy bosonic channel with correlated noise. The model generalizes the one recently discussed by Pilyavets et al (2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 052324), where memory effects come from the interaction with correlated environments. Environmental correlations are quantified by a multimode squeezing parameter, which vanishes in the memoryless limit. We show that a global encoding/decoding scheme, which involves input-entangled states among different channel uses, is always preferable with respect to a local one in the presence of memory. Moreover, in a certain range of the parameters, we provide an analytical expression for the classical capacity of the channel showing that a global encoding/decoding scheme allows it to be attained. All the results can be applied to a broad class of bosonic Gaussian channels.
We evaluate the information capacities of a lossy bosonic channel with correlated noise. The model generalizes the one recently discussed by Pilyavets et al (2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 052324), where memory effects come from the interaction with correlated environments. Environmental correlations are quantified by a multimode squeezing parameter, which vanishes in the memoryless limit. We show that a global encoding/decoding scheme, which involves input-entangled states among different channel uses, is always preferable with respect to a local one in the presence of memory. Moreover, in a certain range of the parameters, we provide an analytical expression for the classical capacity of the channel showing that a global encoding/decoding scheme allows it to be attained. All the results can be applied to a broad class of bosonic Gaussian channels.
We present an algorithm for calculation of the Gaussian classical capacity of a quantum bosonic memory channel with additive Gaussian noise. The algorithm, restricted to Gaussian input states, is applicable to all channels with noise correlations obeying certain conditions and works in the full input energy domain, beyond previous treatments of this problem. As an illustration, we study the optimal input states and capacity of a quantum memory channel with Gauss-Markov noise [J. Sch\"afer, Phys. Rev. A 80, 062313 (2009)]. We evaluate the enhancement of the transmission rate when using these optimal entangled input states by comparison with a product coherent-state encoding and find out that such a simple coherent-state encoding achieves not less than 90% of the capacity.
We seek for a realistic implementation of multimode Gaussian entangled states that can realize the optimal encoding for quantum bosonic Gaussian channels with memory. For a Gaussian channel with classical additive Markovian correlated noise and a lossy channel with non-Markovian correlated noise, we demonstrate the usefulness using Gaussian matrix-product states (GMPS). These states can be generated sequentially, and may, in principle, approximate well any Gaussian state. We show that we can achieve up to 99.9% of the classical Gaussian capacity with GMPS requiring squeezing parameters that are reachable with current technology. This may offer a way towards an experimental realization.