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arXiv:0903.0389 · Physical Review A

Generation of multiphoton entanglement by propagation and detection

Hoda Hossein-Nejad, R. Stock, Daniel F. V. James

Published Aug 5, 2009• 4 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the change in entanglement of photons due to propagation and postselection. We find that postselected entanglement varies by propagation and that states with maximum bipartite and tripartite entanglement can be generated from propagation of unentangled photons. We generalize the results to $n$ photons and show that entangled states with permutation symmetry can be generated from propagation of unentangled states. We discuss the creation of $n$-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states as an example of a class of states with the desired symmetry.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.80.022308

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We investigate the change in entanglement of photons due to propagation and postselection. We find that postselected entanglement varies by propagation and that states with maximum bipartite and tripartite entanglement can be generated from propagation of unentangled photons. We generalize the results to nnn photons and show that entangled states with permutation symmetry can be generated from propagation of unentangled states. We discuss the creation of nnn-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states as an example of a class of states with the desired symmetry.
We propose two interesting methods of generating the four-photon WWW state. These methods use parametric down-conversion processes, linear optical elements, and commercial photon detectors, which are readily feasible under current technology. They can also be used to generate the three-photon WWW state, the three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state, and the three-photon maximally entangled photon-number state (a typical photon-number entanglement state) by simply changing some experimental components or their parameters. Moreover, assuming we have photon number-resolving detectors, these methods can develop into methods that generate a general nnn-photon WWW state. They are expected to become powerful tools for experimental investigations of multipartite entanglement and its applications to quantum information processing.
Multiphoton entangled quantum states are key to advancing quantum technologies such as multiparty quantum communications, quantum sensing, or quantum computation. Their scalable generation, however, remains an experimental challenge. Current methods for generating these states rely on stitching together photons from probabilistic sources, and state generation rates drop exponentially in the number of photons. Here, we implement a system based on active feed-forward and multiplexing that addresses this challenge. We demonstrate the scalable generation of four-photon and six-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, increasing generation rates by factors of 9 and 35, respectively. This is consistent with the exponential enhancement compared to the standard nonmultiplexed approach that is predicted by our theory. These results facilitate the realization of practical multiphoton protocols for photonic quantum technologies.
We propose two interesting methods of generating the four-photon W state. These methods use parametric down-conversion processes, linear optical elements, and commercial photon detectors, which are readily feasible under current technology. They can also be used to generate the three-photon W state, the three-photon Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state, and the three-photon maximally entangled photon-number state (a typical photon-number entanglement state) by simply changing some experimental components or their parameters. Moreover, assuming we have photon number-resolving detectors, these methods can develop into methods that generate a general n -photon W state. They are expected to become powerful tools for experimental investigations of multipartite entanglement and its applications to quantum information processing.
Entanglement is one of the essential resources of quantum information and communication technology. Photons are the most popular and promising media to manipulate entanglement. In this review article, concepts and progress in the generation, observation, and characterization of entangled photons are presented. Starting from underlying theoretical concepts, a historical review on the generation of entangled photons is given. Particularly, recent results on the generation of polarization-entangled photons from semiconductor sources are reviewed and discussed.