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arXiv:0902.4308 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Atomic-ensemble-based quantum memory for sideband modulations

J. Ortalo, J. Cviklinski, Pietro Lombardi, Julien Laurat, Alberto Bramati, M. Pinard, E. Giacobino

Published May 15, 2009• 5 citations
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Abstract

Interaction of a control and a signal field with an ensemble of three-level atoms allows direct mapping of the quantum state of the signal field into long lived coherences of an atomic ground state. For a vapor of cesium atoms, using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and Zeeman coherences, we compare the case where a tunable single-sideband is stored independently of the other one to the case where the two symmetrical sidebands are stored using the same transparency window. We study the conditions in which simultaneous storage of two non-commuting variables carried by light and subsequent read-out is possible. We show that excess noise associated with spontaneous emission and spin relaxation is small, and we evaluate the quantum performance of our memory by measuring the signal transfer coefficient T and the conditional variance V and using the T-V criterion as a state independent benchmark.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/42/11/114010

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Interaction of a control and a signal field with an ensemble of three-level atoms allows direct mapping of the quantum state of the signal field into long lived coherences of an atomic ground state. For a vapor of cesium atoms, using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) and Zeeman coherences, we compare the case where a tunable single-sideband is stored independently of the other one to the case where the two symmetrical sidebands are stored using the same transparency window. We study the conditions in which simultaneous storage of two non-commuting variables carried by light and subsequent read-out is possible. We show that excess noise associated with spontaneous emission and spin relaxation is small, and we evaluate the quantum performance of our memory by measuring the signal transfer coefficient T and the conditional variance V and using the T-V criterion as a state independent benchmark.
Using electromagnetically induced transparency in a cesium vapor, we demonstrate experimentally that the quantum state of a light beam can be mapped into the long-lived Zeeman coherences of an atomic ground state. Two noncommuting variables carried by light are simultaneously stored and subsequently read out, with no noise added. We compare the case where a tunable single sideband is stored independently of the other one to the case where the two symmetrical sidebands are stored using the same electromagnetically induced transparency window.
In this paper, an optical memory based on an ensemble of cold Cesium atoms interacting with light in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) regime is studied in view of spatially multimode quantum storage. The interfacing protocol involves a control field, generating EIT for the very weak field that carries the quantum signal to be stored and enabling its mapping into the collective hyperfine coherence of the cold atomic ensemble. For the demonstration of multimode storage, the signal pulse at the single photon level is prepared in a mode with (OAM), while the control field is in a TEM00 mode. After the writing process, the information is kept in the memory register. In the retrieval phase, the information is read back from atoms to light and we show that these pulses at the single photon level with OAM can be stored and retrieved with a preserved spatial phase and a good efficiency.
Storage and read-out of non classical states of light is a critical element for quantum information networks. Simultaneous storage of two non-commuting variables carried by light and subsequent read-out is shown to be possible in atomic ensembles. Interaction of light fields with three-level systems allows direct mapping the quantum state of light into long lived coherences in the atomic ground state. We show that excess noise linked to atomic transitions can be made negligible. Experimental developments are discussed for atomic vapours and cold atoms.
Quantum memories can substantially increase the efficiency of long-distance communications by synchronizing entanglement swapping operations in quantum repeater nodes. To build a quantum memory, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic vapors can be exploited to coherently store light pulses even at room temperatures. As a quantum source of light, semiconductor quantum dots (QD) offer bright on-demand single photons with high purity.4 Interfacing QDs with atomic vapors has been shown by “slow light” but a quantum memory for QDs is yet to be demonstrated. In this work, we develop an EIT quantum memory hosted in warm cesium vapor. Storage of faint coherent light pulses on the single photon level shows high storage efficiency. A measured bandwidth in the order of 200 MHz makes the memory compatible with the Fourier-limited emission of QDs embedded in micropillar cavities. We show the first attempts to interface the emission from a QD-micropillar with our quantum memory by finetuning the emission wavelength of the emitters to one of the hyperfine transitions in Cs, where the EIT memory takes place. This work sets the base for a hybrid quantum memory based on atomic ensembles for an on-demand semiconductor single-photon source.
We study here a different scheme involving a large ensemble of Lambda-type atoms, a control field, and the field to be stored and show how to transfer with a nearly 100% efficiency a quantum state of light (squeezed vacuum) into the ground state coherence of a spin-polarized atomic cloud. We find the best transfer conditions between the two oscillators. The quantum states are well conserved in two seemingly different situations: in the so-called electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) situation (on one-and two-photon resonance) and in a Raman configuration (on two-photon resonance, but for large one-photon detunings). If both situations share interesting similarities in terms of transfer efficiency, and noise spectra, the physical effects responsible for the ideal mapping are quite different, and make the use of both room-temperature and cold atoms possible.
We present a quantum multimodal treatment describing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) as a mechanism for storing continuous-variable quantum information in light fields. Taking into account the atomic noise and decoherences of realistic experiments, we numerically model the propagation, storage, and readout of signals contained in the sideband amplitude and phase quadratures of a light pulse using phase space methods. An analytical treatment of the effects predicted by this model is then presented. Finally, we use quantum information benchmarks to examine the properties of the EIT-based memory and show the parameters needed to operate beyond the quantum limit.