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arXiv:0901.0371 · Physical Review Letters

Generation and Direct Detection of Broadband Mesoscopic Polarization-Squeezed Vacuum

T. Sh. Iskhakov, Maria V. Chekhova, Gerd Leuchs

Published May 8, 2009• 119 citations
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Abstract

Using a traveling-wave optical parametric amplifier with two orthogonally oriented type-I BBO crystals pumped by picosecond pulses, we generate vertically and horizontally polarized squeezed vacuum states within a broad frequency-angular range. Depending on the phase between these states, fluctuations in one or another Stokes parameter are suppressed below the shot-noise limit. Because of the large number of photon pairs produced, no local oscillator is required, and 3 dB squeezing is observed by means of direct detection.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.102.183602

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Using a traveling-wave optical parametric amplifier with two orthogonally oriented type-I BBO crystals pumped by picosecond pulses, we generate vertically and horizontally polarized squeezed vacuum states within a broad frequency-angular range. Depending on the phase between these states, fluctuations in one or another Stokes parameter are suppressed below the shot-noise limit. Because of the large number of photon pairs produced, no local oscillator is required, and 3 dB squeezing is observed by means of direct detection.
We report the experimental demonstration of directly produced polarization squeezing at 1064 nm from a type I optical parametric amplifier (OPA) based on a periodically poled KTP crystal (PPKTP). The orthogonal polarization modes of the polarization squeezed state are both defined by the OPA cavity mode, and the birefringence induced by the PPKTP crystal is compensated by a second, but inactive, PPKTP crystal. Stokes parameter squeezing of 3.6 dB and anti squeezing of 9.4 dB is observed. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.
In a strongly pumped nondegenerate traveling-wave optical parametric amplifier, we produce a two-color squeezed vacuum with up to millions of photons per pulse. Our approach to registering this macroscopic quantum state is direct detection of a large number of transverse and longitudinal modes, which is achieved by making the detection time and area much larger than the coherence time and area, respectively. Using this approach, we obtain a record value of twin-beam squeezing for direct detection of bright squeezed vacuum. This makes direct detection of macroscopic squeezed vacuum a practical tool for quantum information applications.
Squeezed vacuum with large photon numbers is an example of a macroscopic system with nonclassical properties. These properties are manifested in pairwise intensity correlations, also called twin-beam squeezing. We produce squeezed vacuum in a traveling-wave pulse-pumped frequency non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA). Twin-beam squeezing is measured via direct detection and measurement of the difference-signal variance for two balanced detectors. It is shown that the study of the intensity correlations using this method requires a collection of a large number of modes, both longitudinal and transverse.
We have produced squeezed states of light using a degenerate optical parametric amplifier pumped by an all-solid-state cw mode-locked laser source. The process resulted in squeezed light pulses of less than 3 ps in duration. Up to 0.7 dB of amplitude-squeezed light at 1047 nm and 0.5 dB of noise reduction in vacuum were observed directly. The inferred squeezing level in both cases, after all propagation losses in the detection system and the effects of spatial and temporal mode overlap had been taken into account, was 1.8 dB.