arXiv:0901.0348 · Physical Review A

Induced P -wave superfluidity within the full energy- and momentum-dependent Eliashberg approximation in asymmetric dilute Fermi gases

Aurel Bulgac, Sukjin Yoon

Published May 14, 2009• 19 citations

Abstract

We consider a very asymmetric system of fermions with an interaction characterized by a positive scattering length only. The minority atoms pair and form a Bose-Einstein condensate of dimers, while the surplus fermions interact only indirectly through the exchange of Bogoliubov sound modes. This interaction has a finite range, the retardation effects are significant, and the surplus fermions will form a $P$-wave superfluid. We compute the $P$-wave pairing gap in the BCS and Eliashberg approximations with only energy-dependence approximations, and demonstrate their inadequacy in comparison with a full treatment of the momentum and energy dependence of the induced interaction. The pairing gap computed with a full momentum and energy dependence is significantly larger in magnitude, and that makes it more likely that this new exotic paired phase could be put in evidence in atomic trap experiments.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.79.053625

Related papers

Collective modes of p-wave superfluid Fermi gases in BEC phase

F. Matera, Matthias Wagner

arXiv:1506.01214Jun 3, 20150 citations

Induced p -Wave Pairing in Bose-Fermi Mixtures

J. J. Kinnunen, Zhigang Wu, Georg M. Bruun

arXiv:1809.04812Physical Review LettersDec 19, 201863 citations

p -wave superfluid and phase separation in atomic Bose-Fermi mixtures

Kazunori Suzuki, Takahiko Miyakawa, T. Suzuki

arXiv:0801.4193Physical Review AApr 24, 200831 citations

Theory of ultracold atomic Fermi gases

S. Giorgini, Лев П. Питаевский, S. Stringari

arXiv:0706.3360Reviews of Modern PhysicsOct 2, 20081,997 citations

Induced P -Wave Superfluidity in Asymmetric Fermi Gases

Aurel Bulgac, Michael McNeil Forbes, A. Schwenk

We show that two new intraspecies P-wave superfluid phases appear in two-component asymmetric Fermi systems with short-range S-wave interactions. In the BEC limit, phonons of the molecular BEC induce P-wave superfluidity in the excess fermions. In the BCS limit, density fluctuations induce P-wave superfluidity in both the majority and the minority species. These phases may be realized in experiments with spin-polarized Fermi gases.

arXiv:cond-mat/0602274Physical Review LettersJul 10, 2006114 citations

Quantum Monte Carlo studies of superfluid Fermi gases

Siyuan Chang, Vijay R. Pandharipande, Joseph Carlson +1 more

arXiv:physics/0404115Physical Review AOct 5, 2004221 citations

arXiv:0901.0348 · Physical Review A

Induced P -wave superfluidity within the full energy- and momentum-dependent Eliashberg approximation in asymmetric dilute Fermi gases

Aurel Bulgac, Sukjin Yoon

Published May 14, 2009• 19 citations

arXiv HTML PDF

Abstract

P

-wave superfluid. We compute the

P

-wave pairing gap in the BCS and Eliashberg approximations with only energy-dependence approximations, and demonstrate their inadequacy in comparison with a full treatment of the momentum and energy dependence of the induced interaction. The pairing gap computed with a full momentum and energy dependence is significantly larger in magnitude, and that makes it more likely that this new exotic paired phase could be put in evidence in atomic trap experiments.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.79.053625

Related papers

Collective modes of p-wave superfluid Fermi gases in BEC phase

F. Matera, Matthias Wagner

The low-energy modes of a superfluid atomic Fermi gas at zero temperature are investigated. The Bose-Einstein-condensate (BEC) side of the superfluid phase is studied in detail. The atoms are assumed to be in only one internal state, so that for a sufficiently diluted gas the pairing of fermions can be considered effective in the l=1 channel only. In agreement with previous works on p-wave superfluidity in Fermi systems, it is found that the $p_x+ip_y$ phase represents the lowest energy state in both the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) and BEC sides. Our calculations show that at low energy three branches of collective modes can emerge, with different species of dispersion relations: a phonon-like mode, a single-particle-like mode and a gapped mode. A comparison with the Bogoliubov excitations of the corresponding spinor Bose condensate is made. They reproduce the dispersion relations of the excitation modes of the p-wave superfluid Fermi gas to a high accuracy.The low-energy modes of a superfluid atomic Fermi gas at zero temperature are investigated. The Bose-Einstein-condensate (BEC) side of the superfluid phase is studied in detail. The atoms are assumed to be in only one internal state, so that for a sufficiently diluted gas the pairing of fermions can be considered effective in the l=1 channel only. In agreement with previous works on p-wave superfluidity in Fermi systems, it is found that the $p_x+ip_y$ phase represents the lowest energy state in both the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) and BEC sides. Our calculations show that at low energy three branches of collective modes can emerge, with different species of dispersion relations: a phonon-like mode, a single-particle-like mode and a gapped mode. A comparison with the Bogoliubov excitations of the corresponding spinor Bose condensate is made. They reproduce the dispersion relations of the excitation modes of the p-wave superfluid Fermi gas to a high accuracy.

arXiv:1506.01214Jun 3, 20150 citations

Induced p -Wave Pairing in Bose-Fermi Mixtures

J. J. Kinnunen, Zhigang Wu, Georg M. Bruun

Cooper pairing caused by an induced interaction represents a paradigm in our description of fermionic superfluidity. Here, we present a strong coupling theory for the critical temperature of p-wave pairing between spin polarized fermions immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate. The fermions interact via the exchange of phonons in the condensate, and our self-consistent theory takes into account the full frequency and momentum dependence of the resulting induced interaction. We demonstrate that both retardation and self-energy effects are important for obtaining a reliable value of the critical temperature. Focusing on experimentally relevant systems, we perform a systematic analysis varying the boson-boson and boson-fermion interaction strength as well as their masses, and identify the most suitable system for realizing a p-wave superfluid. Our results show that such a superfluid indeed is experimentally within reach using light bosons mixed with heavy fermions.Cooper pairing caused by an induced interaction represents a paradigm in our description of fermionic superfluidity. Here, we present a strong coupling theory for the critical temperature of p-wave pairing between spin polarized fermions immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate. The fermions interact via the exchange of phonons in the condensate, and our self-consistent theory takes into account the full frequency and momentum dependence of the resulting induced interaction. We demonstrate that both retardation and self-energy effects are important for obtaining a reliable value of the critical temperature. Focusing on experimentally relevant systems, we perform a systematic analysis varying the boson-boson and boson-fermion interaction strength as well as their masses, and identify the most suitable system for realizing a p-wave superfluid. Our results show that such a superfluid indeed is experimentally within reach using light bosons mixed with heavy fermions.

arXiv:1809.04812Physical Review LettersDec 19, 201863 citations

p -wave superfluid and phase separation in atomic Bose-Fermi mixtures

Kazunori Suzuki, Takahiko Miyakawa, T. Suzuki

We consider a system of repulsively interacting Bose-Fermi mixtures of spin-polarized uniform atomic gases at zero temperature. We examine possible realization of $p$ -wave superfluidity of fermions due to an effective attractive interaction via density fluctuations of Bose-Einstein condensate within mean-field approximation. We find the ground state of the system by direct energy comparison of the $p$ -wave superfluid state in a single uniform mixed phase and normal Fermi gas state in a phase-separated phase, and suggest an occurrence of the $p$ -wave superfluidity for a strong boson-fermion interaction regime. We study some signatures of the $p$ -wave superfluid, such as anisotropic energy gap and quasiparticle energy in the axial state, that have not been observed in spin-unpolarized superfluid of atomic fermions. We also show that a Cooper pair is a tightly bound state, such as a diatomic molecule in the strong boson-fermion coupling regime, and suggest an observable indication of the $p$ -wave superfluid in the real experiment.We consider a system of repulsively interacting Bose-Fermi mixtures of spin-polarized uniform atomic gases at zero temperature. We examine possible realization of $p$-wave superfluidity of fermions due to an effective attractive interaction via density fluctuations of Bose-Einstein condensate within mean-field approximation. We find the ground state of the system by direct energy comparison of the $p$-wave superfluid state in a single uniform mixed phase and normal Fermi gas state in a phase-separated phase, and suggest an occurrence of the $p$-wave superfluidity for a strong boson-fermion interaction regime. We study some signatures of the $p$-wave superfluid, such as anisotropic energy gap and quasiparticle energy in the axial state, that have not been observed in spin-unpolarized superfluid of atomic fermions. We also show that a Cooper pair is a tightly bound state, such as a diatomic molecule in the strong boson-fermion coupling regime, and suggest an observable indication of the $p$-wave superfluid in the real experiment.

arXiv:0801.4193Physical Review AApr 24, 200831 citations

Theory of ultracold atomic Fermi gases

S. Giorgini, Лев П. Питаевский, S. Stringari

The physics of quantum degenerate atomic Fermi gases in uniform as well as in harmonically trapped configurations is reviewed from a theoretical perspective. Emphasis is given to the effect of interactions that play a crucial role, bringing the gas into a superfluid phase at low temperature. In these dilute systems, interactions are characterized by a single parameter, the $s$ -wave scattering length, whose value can be tuned using an external magnetic field near a broad Feshbach resonance. The BCS limit of ordinary Fermi superfluidity, the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of dimers, and the unitary limit of large scattering length are important regimes exhibited by interacting Fermi gases. In particular, the BEC and the unitary regimes are characterized by a high value of the superfluid critical temperature, on the order of the Fermi temperature. Different physical properties are discussed, including the density profiles and the energy of the ground-state configurations, the momentum distribution, the fraction of condensed pairs, collective oscillations and pair-breaking effects, the expansion of the gas, the main thermodynamic properties, the behavior in the presence of optical lattices, and the signatures of superfluidity, such as the existence of quantized vortices, the quenching of the moment of inertia, and the consequences of spin polarization. Various theoretical approaches are considered, ranging from the mean-field description of the BCS-BEC crossover to nonperturbative methods based on quantum Monte Carlo techniques. A major goal of the review is to compare theoretical predictions with available experimental results.The physics of quantum degenerate atomic Fermi gases in uniform as well as in harmonically trapped configurations is reviewed from a theoretical perspective. Emphasis is given to the effect of interactions that play a crucial role, bringing the gas into a superfluid phase at low temperature. In these dilute systems, interactions are characterized by a single parameter, the $s$-wave scattering length, whose value can be tuned using an external magnetic field near a broad Feshbach resonance. The BCS limit of ordinary Fermi superfluidity, the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of dimers, and the unitary limit of large scattering length are important regimes exhibited by interacting Fermi gases. In particular, the BEC and the unitary regimes are characterized by a high value of the superfluid critical temperature, on the order of the Fermi temperature. Different physical properties are discussed, including the density profiles and the energy of the ground-state configurations, the momentum distribution, the fraction of condensed pairs, collective oscillations and pair-breaking effects, the expansion of the gas, the main thermodynamic properties, the behavior in the presence of optical lattices, and the signatures of superfluidity, such as the existence of quantized vortices, the quenching of the moment of inertia, and the consequences of spin polarization. Various theoretical approaches are considered, ranging from the mean-field description of the BCS-BEC crossover to nonperturbative methods based on quantum Monte Carlo techniques. A major goal of the review is to compare theoretical predictions with available experimental results.

arXiv:0706.3360Reviews of Modern PhysicsOct 2, 20081,997 citations

Induced P -Wave Superfluidity in Asymmetric Fermi Gases

Aurel Bulgac, Michael McNeil Forbes, A. Schwenk

arXiv:cond-mat/0602274Physical Review LettersJul 10, 2006114 citations

Quantum Monte Carlo studies of superfluid Fermi gases

Siyuan Chang, Vijay R. Pandharipande, Joseph Carlson +1 more

We report results of quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the ground state of dilute Fermi gases with attractive short-range two-body interactions. The strength of the interaction is varied to study different pairing regimes which are characterized by the product of the $s$ -wave scattering length and the Fermi wave vector, $a{k}_{F}$ . We report results for the ground-state energy, the pairing gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}$, and the quasiparticle spectrum. In the weak-coupling regime, $1∕a{k}_{F}<\ensuremath{-}1$, we obtain Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid and the energy gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is much smaller than the Fermi gas energy ${E}_{\mathrm{FG}}$ . When $a>0$ , the interaction is strong enough to form bound molecules with energy ${E}_{\mathrm{mol}}$ . For $1∕a{k}_{F}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.5$, we find that weakly interacting composite bosons are formed in the superfluid gas with $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ and gas energy per particle approaching $\ensuremath{\mid}{E}_{\mathrm{mol}}\ensuremath{\mid}∕2$. In this region, we seem to have Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of molecules. The behavior of the energy and the gap in the BCS-to-BEC transition region, $\ensuremath{-}0.5<1∕a{k}_{F}<0.5$, is discussed.We report results of quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the ground state of dilute Fermi gases with attractive short-range two-body interactions. The strength of the interaction is varied to study different pairing regimes which are characterized by the product of the $s$-wave scattering length and the Fermi wave vector, $a{k}_{F}$. We report results for the ground-state energy, the pairing gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}$, and the quasiparticle spectrum. In the weak-coupling regime, $1∕a{k}_{F}<\ensuremath{-}1$, we obtain Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid and the energy gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is much smaller than the Fermi gas energy ${E}_{\mathrm{FG}}$. When $a>0$, the interaction is strong enough to form bound molecules with energy ${E}_{\mathrm{mol}}$. For $1∕a{k}_{F}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.5$, we find that weakly interacting composite bosons are formed in the superfluid gas with $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ and gas energy per particle approaching $\ensuremath{\mid}{E}_{\mathrm{mol}}\ensuremath{\mid}∕2$. In this region, we seem to have Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of molecules. The behavior of the energy and the gap in the BCS-to-BEC transition region, $\ensuremath{-}0.5<1∕a{k}_{F}<0.5$, is discussed.

arXiv:physics/0404115Physical Review AOct 5, 2004221 citations

P

-wave superfluid. We compute the

P

p_x+ip_y

phase represents the lowest energy state in both the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) and BEC sides. Our calculations show that at low energy three branches of collective modes can emerge, with different species of dispersion relations: a phonon-like mode, a single-particle-like mode and a gapped mode. A comparison with the Bogoliubov excitations of the corresponding spinor Bose condensate is made. They reproduce the dispersion relations of the excitation modes of the p-wave superfluid Fermi gas to a high accuracy.

We consider a system of repulsively interacting Bose-Fermi mixtures of spin-polarized uniform atomic gases at zero temperature. We examine possible realization of

p

-wave superfluidity of fermions due to an effective attractive interaction via density fluctuations of Bose-Einstein condensate within mean-field approximation. We find the ground state of the system by direct energy comparison of the

p

-wave superfluid state in a single uniform mixed phase and normal Fermi gas state in a phase-separated phase, and suggest an occurrence of the

p

-wave superfluidity for a strong boson-fermion interaction regime. We study some signatures of the

p

-wave superfluid, such as anisotropic energy gap and quasiparticle energy in the axial state, that have not been observed in spin-unpolarized superfluid of atomic fermions. We also show that a Cooper pair is a tightly bound state, such as a diatomic molecule in the strong boson-fermion coupling regime, and suggest an observable indication of the

p

-wave superfluid in the real experiment.

s

-wave scattering length, whose value can be tuned using an external magnetic field near a broad Feshbach resonance. The BCS limit of ordinary Fermi superfluidity, the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of dimers, and the unitary limit of large scattering length are important regimes exhibited by interacting Fermi gases. In particular, the BEC and the unitary regimes are characterized by a high value of the superfluid critical temperature, on the order of the Fermi temperature. Different physical properties are discussed, including the density profiles and the energy of the ground-state configurations, the momentum distribution, the fraction of condensed pairs, collective oscillations and pair-breaking effects, the expansion of the gas, the main thermodynamic properties, the behavior in the presence of optical lattices, and the signatures of superfluidity, such as the existence of quantized vortices, the quenching of the moment of inertia, and the consequences of spin polarization. Various theoretical approaches are considered, ranging from the mean-field description of the BCS-BEC crossover to nonperturbative methods based on quantum Monte Carlo techniques. A major goal of the review is to compare theoretical predictions with available experimental results.

s

-wave scattering length and the Fermi wave vector,

a{k}_{F}

. We report results for the ground-state energy, the pairing gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}$, and the quasiparticle spectrum. In the weak-coupling regime, $1∕a{k}_{F}<\ensuremath{-}1$, we obtain Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid and the energy gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is much smaller than the Fermi gas energy

{E}_{\mathrm{FG}}

. When

a>0

, the interaction is strong enough to form bound molecules with energy

{E}_{\mathrm{mol}}

. For $1∕a{k}_{F}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.5$, we find that weakly interacting composite bosons are formed in the superfluid gas with $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ and gas energy per particle approaching $\ensuremath{\mid}{E}_{\mathrm{mol}}\ensuremath{\mid}∕2$. In this region, we seem to have Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of molecules. The behavior of the energy and the gap in the BCS-to-BEC transition region, $\ensuremath{-}0.5<1∕a{k}_{F}<0.5$, is discussed.