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arXiv:0812.2668

Generalizations of Pauli channels

Dėnes Petz, Hiromichi Ohno

Published Dec 14, 2008• 0 citations
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Abstract

The Pauli channel acting on 2 x 2 matrices is generalized to an n-level quantum system. When the full matrix algebra M is decomposed into pairwise complementary subalgebras, then trace-preserving linear mappings from M to M are constructed such that the restriction to the subalgebras are depolarizing channels. The result is the necessary and sufficient condition of complete positivity. The main examples appear on bipartite systems

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.0812.2668

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The Pauli channel acting on 2 x 2 matrices is generalized to an n-level quantum system. When the full matrix algebra M is decomposed into pairwise complementary subalgebras, then trace-preserving linear mappings from M to M are constructed such that the restriction to the subalgebras are depolarizing channels. The result is the necessary and sufficient condition of complete positivity. The main examples appear on bipartite systems
In matrix algebras, we introduce a class of linear maps that are irreducibly covariant with respect to the finite group generated by the Weyl operators. In particular, we analyze the irreducibly covariant quantum channels, that is, the completely positive and trace-preserving linear maps. Interestingly, imposing additional symmetries leads to the so-called generalized Pauli channels, which were recently considered in the context of the non-Markovian quantum evolution. Finally, we provide examples of irreducibly covariant positive but not necessarily completely positive maps.
In this note, we mainly study the necessary and sufficient conditions for the complete positivity of generalizations of depolarizing and transpose-depolarizing channels. Specifically, we define [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] (the set of all bounded linear operators on the finite-dimensional Hilbert space [Formula: see text] is given and [Formula: see text] is the transpose of [Formula: see text] in a fixed orthonormal basis of [Formula: see text] First, we show that [Formula: see text] is completely positive if and only if [Formula: see text] is a positive map, which is equivalent to [Formula: see text] Moreover, [Formula: see text] is a completely positive map if and only if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] At last, we also get that [Formula: see text] is a completely positive map if and only if [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] are eigenvalues of [Formula: see text].
Quantum channels define key objects in quantum information theory. They are represented by completely positive trace-preserving linear maps in matrix algebras. We analyze a family of quantum channels defined through the use of the Weyl operators. Such channels provide generalization of the celebrated qubit Pauli channels. Moreover, they are covariant with respective to the finite group generated by Weyl operators. In what follows, we study self-adjoint Weyl channels by providing a special Hermitian representation. For a prime dimension of the corresponding Hilbert space, the self-adjoint Weyl channels contain well-known generalized Pauli channels as a special case. We propose multipartite generalization of Weyl channels. In particular, we analyze the power of prime dimensions using finite fields and study the covariance properties of these objects.
Quantum channels, a subset of quantum maps, describe the unitary and nonunitary evolution of quantum systems. We study a generalization of the concept of Pauli maps to the case of multipartite high-dimensional quantum systems through the use of the Weyl operators. The condition for such maps to be valid quantum channels, i.e., complete positivity, is derived in terms of Fourier transform matrices. From these conditions, we find the extreme points of this set of channels and identify an elegant algebraic structure nested within them. In turn, this allows us to expand upon the concept of ``component erasing channels'' introduced in earlier work by the authors. We show that these channels are completely characterized by elements drawn of finite cyclic groups. An algorithmic construction for such channels is presented and the smallest subsets of erasing channels which generate the whole set are determined.
We present a complete characterization of diagonal unitary covariant (DU-covariant) superchannels, i.e. higher-order transformations transforming quantum channels into themselves. Necessary and sufficient conditions for complete positivity and trace preservation are derived and the canonical decomposition describing DU-covariant superchannels is provided. The presented framework unifies and extends known families of covariant quantum channels and enables explicit analysis of their action on physically relevant examples, including amplitude-damping, bit-flip, and Pauli channels. Our results provide a practical toolbox for symmetry-restricted higher-order quantum processes and offer a setting for exploring open problems such as the celebrated positive partial transpose (PPT)-squared conjecture.
We study families of positive and completely positive maps acting on a bipartite system ${\mathbb{C}}^{M}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{\mathbb{C}}^{N}$ (with $M\ensuremath{\le}N$). The maps have a property that, when applied to any state (of a given entanglement class), result in a separable state or, more generally, a state of another certain entanglement class (e.g., Schmidt number $\ensuremath{\le}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}k$). This allows us to derive useful families of sufficient separability criteria. Explicit examples of such criteria have been constructed for arbitrary M,NM,NM,N, with a special emphasis on M=2M=2M=2. Our results can be viewed as generalizations of the known facts that in the sufficiently close vicinity of the completely depolarized state (the normalized identity matrix), all states are separable (belong to ``weakly'' entangled classes). Alternatively, some of our results can be viewed as an entanglement classification for a certain family of states, corresponding to mixtures of the completely polarized state with pure states, partial transposes, and/or local transformations thereof.