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arXiv:0811.2255 · Physical Review E

Nonuniversal nonequilibrium critical dynamics with disorder

Marcelo D. Grynberg, G. L. Rossini, Robin B. Stinchcombe

Published Jun 26, 2009• 1 citation
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Abstract

We investigate finite-size scaling aspects of disorder reaction-diffusion processes in one dimension utilizing both numerical and analytical approaches. The former averages the spectrum gap of the associated evolution operators by doubling their degrees of freedom, while the latter uses various techniques to map the equations of motion to a first-passage time process. Both approaches are consistent with nonuniversal dynamic exponents and with stretched exponential scaling forms for particular disorder realizations.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.79.061126

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We investigate finite-size scaling aspects of disorder reaction-diffusion processes in one dimension utilizing both numerical and analytical approaches. The former averages the spectrum gap of the associated evolution operators by doubling their degrees of freedom, while the latter uses various techniques to map the equations of motion to a first-passage time process. Both approaches are consistent with nonuniversal dynamic exponents and with stretched exponential scaling forms for particular disorder realizations.
We consider the one-dimensional Glauber dynamics with coupling disorder in terms of bilinear fermion Hamiltonians. Dynamic exponents embodied in the spectrum gap of these latter are evaluated numerically by averaging over both binary and Gaussian disorder realizations. In the first case, these exponents are found to follow the nonuniversal values of those of plain dimerized chains. In the second situation their values are still nonuniversal and subdiffusive below a critical variance above which, however, the relaxation time is suggested to grow as a stretched exponential of the equilibrium correlation length.
Using a Hamiltonian formulation of the master equation, we carry out finite-size calculations for the dynamical critical exponent zzz of the kinetic Ising model in one and two dimensions. In one dimension, different appropriately normalized transition probabilities give different values for zzz; this result is based on both exact and finite-size calculations. We show that this "nonuniversal" behavior is due to the fact that the critical temperature for the one-dimensional Ising model is zero. In two dimensions we combine our finite-size calculations with finite-size scaling theory to calculate zzz. Even in this case we find that zzz depends on the form of the transition probability---a result that contradicts the universality hypothesis for dynamical critical behavior. We discuss the possible reasons for this contradiction.
Critical exponents of the Kawasaki dynamics in the Ising chain are re-examined numerically through the spectrum gap of evolution operators constructed both in spin and domain-wall representations. At low-temperature regimes the latter provides a rapid finite-size convergence to these exponents, which tend to z ≃ 3.11 for instant quenches under ferromagnetic couplings, while approaching to z ≃ 2 in the antiferro case. The spin representation complements the evaluation of dynamic exponents at higher temperature scales, where the kinetics still remains slow.
We determine accurate values of ordering temperatures and critical exponents for Ising-spin-glass transitions in four dimensions, using a combination of finite-size scaling and nonequilibrium scaling techniques. We find that the exponents $\ensuremath{\eta}$ and zzz vary with the form of the interaction distribution, indicating nonuniversality at Ising-spin-glass transitions. These results confirm conclusions drawn from numerical data for three dimensions.
We investigate the large-time scaling regimes arising from a variety of metastable structures in a chain of Ising spins with both first- and second-neighbor couplings while subject to Kawasaki dynamics. Depending on the ratio and sign of these former, different dynamic exponents are suggested by finite-size scaling analyses of relaxation times. At low but nonzero temperatures these are calculated via exact diagonalizations of the evolution operator in finite chains under several activation barriers. In the absence of metastability the dynamics is always diffusive.
We provide finite-size scaling estimates for the dynamical critical exponent of the even parity-conserving universality class of critical behavior through exact numerical diagonalizations of the time evolution operator of an even-parity-conserving contact process. Our data seem to indicate that upon the introduction of a small diffusion rate in the process its critical behavior crosses over to that of the directed percolation universality class. A brief discussion of the many-sector decomposability of parity-conserving contact processes is presented.