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arXiv:0811.1509 · Physical Review A

Spinor Bose-Einstein condensate flow past an obstacle

Augusto S. Rodrigues, P. G. Kevrekidis, R. Carretero-González, D. J. Frantzeskakis, Peter Schmelcher, Tristram J. Alexander, Yuri S. Kivshar

Published Apr 3, 2009• 20 citations
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Abstract

We study the flow of a spinor $(F=1)$ Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of an obstacle. We consider the cases of ferromagnetic and polar spin-dependent interactions, and find that the system demonstrates two speeds of sound that are identified analytically. Numerical simulations reveal the nucleation of macroscopic nonlinear structures, such as dark solitons and vortex-antivortex pairs, as well as vortex rings in one- and higher-dimensional settings, respectively, when a localized defect (e.g., a blue-detuned laser beam) is dragged through the spinor condensate at a speed larger than the second critical speed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.79.043603

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We study the flow of a spinor (F=1)(F=1)(F=1) Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of an obstacle. We consider the cases of ferromagnetic and polar spin-dependent interactions, and find that the system demonstrates two speeds of sound that are identified analytically. Numerical simulations reveal the nucleation of macroscopic nonlinear structures, such as dark solitons and vortex-antivortex pairs, as well as vortex rings in one- and higher-dimensional settings, respectively, when a localized defect (e.g., a blue-detuned laser beam) is dragged through the spinor condensate at a speed larger than the second critical speed.
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Dark solitons dynamically generated from a potential moving in a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate are displayed. Based on numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we find that the moving obstacle successively emits a series of solitons which propagate at constant speeds. The dependence of soliton emission on the system parameters is examined. The formation mechanism of solitons is interpreted as interference between a diffusing wavepacket and the condensate background, enhanced by the nonlinear interactions. PACS numbers: 03.75.Mn, 03.75.Lm, 05.30.Jp
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