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arXiv:0811.1460 · The European Physical Journal D

Parity violation in hydrogen and longitudinal atomic beam spin echo I

T. Bergmann, Maarten DeKieviet, Thomas Gasenzer, Otto Nachtmann, Martin-Isbjörn Trappe

Published Jun 17, 2009• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2009-00179-4

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Parity-Violating and Parity-Conserving Berry Phases for Hydrogen and Helium in an Atom Interferometer

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In the present thesis Berry phases for metastable states of hydrogen and helium exposed \nto external electromagnetic fields are investigated. One main goal is the derivation of \na parity-violating observable incorporating the electroweak mixing angle. The study is \ndone in view of an available high-precision atomic beam spin echo interferometer and \nwith respect to the theoretically very well-known structure of hydrogen. We determine \nthe general properties of parity-violating and parity-conserving Berry phases and their \nflux-density vector fields distinguished by their behaviour under proper and improper \nrotations. This allows for extensive analytical investigations and cross-checks of our \nnumerical computations. Regarding hydrogen, we reveal geometry-dependent modifications \nof atomic lifetimes due to parity-conserving imaginary Berry phases. Deriving \nthe evolution of the atomic wave packets, we establish the theoretical description of an \natom interferometer. An analytical expression for the spin echo signal, easily accessible \nin experiment, is presented and numerically evaluated to extract parity-violating \nsignals. We discuss the implications of the computed parity-violating effects on interferometric \nprecision measurements of the proton’s weak charges. Moreover, we outline \nthe concept of Heisenberg-limited atom interferometry to improve the resolution for \nmeasurements of Berry phases. Finally, we present predictions for parity-conserving \nBerry phases of metastable helium states studied in the Heidelberg experiment.

•Jan 1, 2013•1 citation
In the present thesis Berry phases for metastable states of hydrogen and helium exposed \nto external electromagnetic fields are investigated. One main goal is the derivation of \na parity-violating observable incorporating the electroweak mixing angle. The study is \ndone in view of an available high-precision atomic beam spin echo interferometer and \nwith respect to the theoretically very well-known structure of hydrogen. We determine \nthe general properties of parity-violating and parity-conserving Berry phases and their \nflux-density vector fields distinguished by their behaviour under proper and improper \nrotations. This allows for extensive analytical investigations and cross-checks of our \nnumerical computations. Regarding hydrogen, we reveal geometry-dependent modifications \nof atomic lifetimes due to parity-conserving imaginary Berry phases. Deriving \nthe evolution of the atomic wave packets, we establish the theoretical description of an \natom interferometer. An analytical expression for the spin echo signal, easily accessible \nin experiment, is presented and numerically evaluated to extract parity-violating \nsignals. We discuss the implications of the computed parity-violating effects on interferometric \nprecision measurements of the proton’s weak charges. Moreover, we outline \nthe concept of Heisenberg-limited atom interferometry to improve the resolution for \nmeasurements of Berry phases. Finally, we present predictions for parity-conserving \nBerry phases of metastable helium states studied in the Heidelberg experiment.